Historical Meanderings

Shah Abbas the Great was the fifth and the greatest ruler of the Safavid Empire . Abbas the Great was born in Herat in 1571 and was the third son of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda. Shah Abbas became the Shah of Safavid Empire when he was only 17 years old. He consolidated his rule over the empire and took control of all matters. Abbas the Great reorganized his army and introduced reforms to discipline his army and strengthened his army by increasing the number of canons at his disposal. Abbas the Great defeated the Portuguese from Bahrain, took the city of Gamrun and renamed it Bandar e Abbas (Port of Abbas) in 1615 A.D and retook Hormuz from the Portuguese in 1622 A.D. Shah Abbas moved his Capital from Qazvin to Isfahan in 1598. Shah Abbas was a great builder and made Isfahan the pinnacle of Safavid architecture. Under Shah Abbas's reign carpet weaving and arts flourished in the Safavid Empire as its interest grew in the world. Abbas the Great was fluent in Turkish and Persian Abbas the Great died in Farahabad in his palace in 1629 due to poor health and is buried in Kashan, Iran. #shahabbas #abbasthegreat #safavid #safavidempire #iran #persia #isfahan #history #worldhistory #historical #iranhistory #persianhistory #worldhistory #abass #safavids #safaviddynasty #heritage #gunpowderempire #orient https://www.instagram.com/p/CHQBK0BHm0F/?igshid=bkju9d3zw77x

Part 2 of 2 Under Sultan Aurangzeb The Conqueror's reign the textile industry bloomed in Mughal India and Hindus rose to the peak 31.6% of Mughal Bureaucratic Nobility in the Mughal era. Aurangzeb Alamgir expanded the Timurid-Mughal Empire to its peak ruling almost all of the Indian Subcontinent. Aurangzeb Conqueror of the World defeated the British between 1686 and 1691 in the Child's War or the first Anglo-Mughal War where the British lost and surrendered to the Mughal Sultan Aurangzeb Alamgir , had to pay a fine of 1,50,000 rupees and the British East India company's envoys had to prostrate themselves before the Sultan, apologize and promise to better behavior in the future for peace. The great Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir died on 20th February 1707 at the age of 89 during a military campaign near Ahmednagar and is buried in Aurangabad. #Aurangzeb #AurangzebAlamgir #mughalempire #Mughal #history #worldhistory #AurangzebTheConqueror #AurangzebConquerorooftheworld #india #pakistan #bangladesh #afghanistan #mughalheritage #mughalsultan #sultan #mughal_saltanat #indianhistory #childswar #historical #PakistaniHistory #IndianSubcontinent #bangladeshihistory #GreatMughal #Empire https://www.instagram.com/p/CHGBEJdHoGd/?igshid=1trlmhc2tf7a9

Aurangzeb "The Conqueror of the World" Alamgir was the sixth and the greatest Sultan of the Mighty Mughal Empire. Muhi-ud Din Muhammad, Aurangzeb Alamgir was born on 2nd November 1618 in Dahod India. The Mighty Sultan Aurangzeb The Conqueror ruled almost the entire Indian Subcontinent for 49 years at its peak of Golden Age of Mughal India's prosperity, development and wealth. Aurangzeb Alamgir was the last and the Mightiest of Great Mughals in the Subcontinent whose rule reached the greatest extent for the The Mighty Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb Conqueror of the World was the son of Sultan Shah Jahan, the fifth of the greatest Mughals. Sultan Aurangzeb Alamgir's reign ushered the Indian Subcontinent into the peak of development and abundant wealth as the Timurid-Mughal Empire became the largest economy of the world with GDP of 24% of the world economy . The Mighty Mughal Empire was producing 25% of the world's Industrial output. Being the world leader up until 18th century. The Indian Subcontinent's economy fell from being the world leader during Mughal rule to less than 2% when the British left Indian Subcontinent in the mid 20th century, the wealth contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain and increased British wealth. The great Moghul Sultan had an interest in calligraphy. He led a simple life on his own earnings by sewing and selling caps and his hand written Holy Quran despite being the ruler of the Mighty empire. He led a pious life and had command over Arabic, Turkish and Persian Languages. He memorized the entire Quran and studied Hadith. He was the disciple of Khwaja Masoom Faruqi Naqshbandi Mujadidi, the leader of the Naqshbandi Mujadidi Spiritual Order of Sufism. Aurangzeb Alamgir compiled the famous Fatawa ' Alamgiri. Part 1 (continued) #Aurangzeb #AurangzebAlamgir #mughalempire #Mughal #history #worldhistory #AurangzebTheConqueror #AurangzebConquerorooftheworld #india #pakistan #bangladesh #afghanistan #mughalheritage #mughalsultan #sultan #mughal_saltanat #indianhistory #childswar #historical #PakistaniHistory #IndianSubcontinent #bangladeshihistory #GreatMughal #Empire https://www.instagram.com/p/CHGAtuNHHEe/?igshid=1or3znsfq0vm3

Sultan Mansur Shah was the sixth Sultan of the Malacca Sultanate from 1459-1477 A.D .Sultan Mansur Shah was the son of Sultan Muzaffar Shah. During Sultan Mansur Shah's reign the Sultanate of Malacca expanded and many key areas like Singapore, Bintan, Kampar, Siak, Manjung , Rupat, Selangor Siantan, Inderagiri and Bintan were under his control. Sultan Mansur Shah had an interest in Islamic Tasawwuf (Sufism) and was a student of Maulana Abu Bakr in Sufism who brought the Ab Darul Manzum scriptures ti Malacca. Sultan Mansur Shah made economic reforms to attract merchants to Malacca. Hang Tuah, was made Laksamana or Admiral during Sultan Mansur Shah's reign. Hang Tuah became the ultimate Malay hero and symbol of honour, courage and loyalty. The genius Raja Tun Perak was the Bendahara during Sultan Mansur Shah's rule. Sultan Mansur Shah's reign was the peak of Malacca's meteoric rise to Empire and became the golden age of Malay folklore and culture. Sultan Mansur Shah, the sixth Sultan of the Sultanate of Malcca died in 1477 A.D. #sultanmansurshah #mansurshah #melaka #malacca #sultanateofmalacca #southeastasia #malay #southeastasiahistory #nusantra #tunperak #malaccaempire #melakahistory #history #historia #historian #hangtuah #hangtuahsumsel #singapore #malaysia #indonesia #malaygoldenage #sufism #tasawwuf #worldhistory #civilization #culture #muslimcivilization #southeastasian #walisongo #malaysian https://www.instagram.com/p/CEfv2qIHx74/?igshid=l9ji8dxedkac

Ghazavat-i Sultan Murad II or Ghazi Sultan Murad II, was an Ottoman Sultan from 1421-44 A.D and 1446-1451 A.D) of the Great Ottoman Sultanate. Sultan Murad II was born in 1404 to Sultan Mehmed I. He was brought up in Amasya. Murad II became Sultan in 1421 when he was 19 years old. After successfully dealing with other claimants to the throne, Sultan Murad II captured Salonika (Thessaloniki, Northern Greece) from the Venetians. Ghazi Sultan Murad also captured vast territories of the Balkans for the Ottoman Sultanate. In 1444, Sultan Murad II of Ottoman Sultanate and Wladyslaw III of Poland and Hungary signed the Treaty of Edirne and Peace of Szeged (10 year peace treaty) after which Sultan Murad II abdicated in favour of his 12 year old son Mehmed II, intending to enjoy a peaceful retirement. The peace treaty was broken by Wladylslaw of Hungary and John Hunyadi as they prepared for the crusade of Varna. After hearing of the breaking of truce by Wladyslaw, Sultan Murad II was called back to power by Sultan Mehmed II. Sultan Murad II won a decisive Ottoman victory against the crusader forces of Wladyslaw (who was killed in the Battle of Varna) and John Hunyadi. Murad II was also known as Great Murad for his successful campaigns. A Janissary revolt forced Murad II to return to the throne in 1446. In 1448, Sultan Murad II won a decisive victory against the crusader forces led by John Hunyadi at the Second Battle of Kosovo, ending the half-century-long Crusader threat. Ghazavat-i Sultan Murad II died from illness in 1451 A.D. Sultan Murad II is buried in Muradiye Complex, Bursa, Turkey. #sultanmurad #sultanmuradhanhazretleri #ottomansultan #osmanli #osmanlıtürkçesi #osman #ertugrul #ertuğrul #dirilişertuğrul #history #historia #historian #greekhistory #turk #turkye #turkey #ottomanempire #ottoman #wladyslaw #hunyadi #battleofvarna #battleofkosovo #europe #europeanhistory #europeanmuslimheritage #asia #asianhistory #civilization #culture #greece https://www.instagram.com/p/CEcrzQ7nu6D/?igshid=12dzu4qeubjl

Khalfun al-Balbari, was the founder of the short lived Emirate of Bari(841-871 A.D) in Italian peninsula. Khalfun or Kalfun, was probably a Berber. Khalfun ruled over Emirate of Bari from 841-852 A.D. Emirate of Bari, was accepted as a wali, governer ruling over a province of Caliphate by Abassid Caliph, al-Mutawakkil to Khalfun's successor Mufarrag ibn Sallam(852-857 A.D). Emirate of Bari ended in 871 when its last Sultan Sawdan who ruled from 857-871 was defeated. Khalfun, the founder of Emirate of Bari died in 852 A.D #khalfun #kalfun #sultankhalfun #emirateofbari #bari #italy #europe #berber #abbasid #history #historia #italianhistory #historical #mufarragibnsallam #sawdan #italian #italia #europeanhistory #aghlabid #europeanmuslimheritage #culture #khalfunalbalbari #história #historic #emirateofsicily #historyofbari #berbers #africanhistory #africansultan #africa https://www.instagram.com/p/CEXw_Dwn8Ms/?igshid=1uoq0cfqt8x01

Fatima Al Fihri, founder of the world's oldest University was born in 800 A.D in Kairouan(Tunisia) in the Abbasid Caliphate. Fatima al Fihri's father Muhammad Al Fihri was a wealthy merchant. After her father's death, the wealth was inherited to Fatima Al Fihri and her sister Maryam Al Fihri. The Fihri sisters were educated women. First it was built as a mosque which later became a university in Fez(Morocco). The project was started in 859 A.D in the month of Ramadan. The mosque took 18 years to construct and it is said that Fatima Al-Fihri fasted until the project was complete. The Qarawiyyin university is the oldest degree giving university . The courses offered include Islamic Studies, mathematics, grammar, and medicine. The Qarawiyyin university became the religious and intellectual hub of the Maghreb in that time, symposiums and debates were regularly organised and it contained a huge library. Al Qarawiyyin University graduates include the great intellectuals like the great Ibn Khaldun(Father of Modern Sociology,Economics, Demography and Historiography) , Ibn Rushd-Averroes, Musa Ibn Maymun- Maimoides and Pope Sylvester II aka Gerbert of Aurillac(who later introduced Europe to Arabic sciences in the European dark ages and was the first to introduce the decimal numeral system using Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe) The Qarawiyyin is considered the oldest university of the world by UNESCO and Guinness World Records. Fatima Al- Fihri is also also known as Umm al Banayn "Mother of Boys" because of her generous charity to students. Fatima Al- Fihri undoubtedly was a great women who changed the world with her devotion to knowledge and science in the form of the world's oldest university, Al Qarawiyyin, Fez, Morocco. Fatima Al-Fihri died in 880 A.D in Fez, Morocco. #fatimaalfihri #fatimafihri #qarawiyyin #universityofqarawiyyin #fez #morocco #abbasid #abbasidcaliphate #idrisiddynasty #ibnkhaldun #goldenagescience #oldestuniversity #ibnrushd #history #historia #civilization #knowledge #gerbertofaurillac #popesylvesterii #science #library #europeandarkage #university #education #degree #intellectualwomen #maimonides #muslimwomen #mosqueuniversity #mathematics https://www.instagram.com/p/CER72Qknqjr/?igshid=plz9wxm82v3

Sultan Shahab uddin Muhammad Ghori was the Sultan of Ghurid Empire along with his brother, Ghiyath uddin Muhammad, from 1173-1202 A.D and as a sole ruler from 1202-1206. Shahab uddin Ghori was born in 1149 A.D, he layed the groundwork for the later Islamic Sultanates in the subcontinent. His Empire stretched from parts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Iran, India and Bangladesh. The Ghuri brothers, first captured Ghazni in 1173 and Herat in 1175 consolidating their rule in the area before conquering the Indian subcontinent. In 1175, Multan was captured. Ghori was defeated in the battle of Kayadara by Chaulukya ruler . By 1190's Shahb uddin Ghori had captured Peshawar, Sialkot, Lahore and Delhi. Shahab uddin Ghori was one of the greatest rulers of the subcontinent along with his able generals (most famously,Qutub uddin Aibak,Nasir uddin Qabacha,Tajuddin Yalduz and Bakhtyar Khilji). Ghori fought two battles at Tarain against the Rajput ruler Prithviraj. Ghori lost the first battle. Prithviraj was defeated, captured and executed in the second battle of Tarain, where Ghori had only 120,000 soldiers against 300,000 soliders of Prithviraj. Shahb uddin Ghori went west to Ghazni leaving his general Qutub uddin Aibak as his regional governor who captured Ajmer in 1195. Another general of Ghori, Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalhi captured areas upto Bengal. Ghurid Empire was divided amongst Shahab uddin Ghori's generals after his death who had to heir. Qutubuddin Aibak formed the famous Delhi Sultanate and became ruler of Delhi. Nasir uddin Qabacha became ruler of Multan. Taj uddin Yildoz became ruler or Ghazni.Bakhtiyar Khilji became ruler of Bengal. While on his way back to Ghazni, Shahab uddin Ghori was assasinated on the ides of March 1206 while offering his prayers, near city of Jehlum. Sultan Shahab uddin Ghori is buried in near Jehlum, Punjab. #ghori #shahbuddinghori #sultanghori #ghuri #ghuridempire #ghoriddynasty #ghorid #ghuri #subcontinenthistory #subcontinent #indian #indiansubcontinent #indianhistory #history #historia #civilization #tarain #pritviraj #pritvirajchaun #bakhtiyarkhilji #qutubuddinaibak #tajuddinyaldoz #nasiruddinqabacha #turk https://www.instagram.com/p/CEPNg7rH69M/?igshid=rajc29turo52

Sultan Alauddin Khilji was the Sultan of Khilji Dynasty part of Delhi Sultanate in subcontinent. Sultan Alauddin Khilji reigned Delhi Sultanate from 1296 A.D to 1316 A.D. Alauddin Khilji introduced several market, military, social and revenue reforms in his tenure as Sultan. Sultan Alauddin Khilji conquered the kingdoms of Gujarat, Rathambore, Chittor, Malwa, Siwana, Jalore. He expanded Dekhi Sultanate. Sultan Alauddin Khilji had abled generals who commanded his army Ulugh Khan, Zafar Khan, Nusrat Khan and Malik Kafur. Alauddin Khilji thwarted the Mongol invasion of Indian Subcontinent. He successfully repulsed Mongol forces at Jaran-Manjur(1297), Sivistan(1298),Kili(1299),Delhi(1303), Amroha (1305) and Ravi (1306). Sultan Alauddin Khilji's successful campaigns ensured the subcontinent from Mongol rule. Sultan Alauddin Khilji died in 1316 A.D due to illness and is buried in Delhi. #alauddinkhilji #khilji #khiljidynasty #delhisultanate #sultanaluddinkhilji #subcontinent #mongol #mongolinvasion #history #historia #subcontinenthistory #indianhistory #pakistan #india #bangladesh #afghanistan #jaranmanjur #asianhistory #asia #delhi #rathambore #malwa #chittor #jalore #siwana https://www.instagram.com/p/CEMsncpnNQ8/?igshid=4nzuczjz8ihz

Omar Khayyam was a Persian polymath, a mathematician, philosopher, astronomer and poet. Omar Khayyam was born in 1048 A.D in the metropolis Nishapur, Iran. Omar Khayyam studied in Nishapur and Samarkand. Omar Khayyam produced a new calender, Jalali calendar which was adopted by the Seljuq Sultan Malik Shah. Omar Khayyam wrote Risalah fil-barahin ala masail al-jabr wa mubqabalah (Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra) which gave the solution of cubic equations among other topics. He wrote on geometric algebra, theory of parallels, binomial theorem where he wrote about triangular array known as Omar Khayyam's triangle which were later called Pascal's triangle. Omar Khayyam's work traveled to Europe where they influenced the early renaissance professor of Oxford university, John Wallis, six centuries later. Omar Khayyam along with being an intellectual was also a poet. He wrote Persian quatrains which centuries later translated into English by Edward Fitzgerald, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Omar Khayyam has written of mathematics, philosophy, astronomy and poetry. A lunar crater Omar Khayyam was named in his honor in 1970. Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova's discovered minor planet was named 3095 Omarkhayyam. Omar Khayyam died in 1131 A.D. and is buried in tomb of Khayyam, Nishapur Iran. #omarkhayyam #omar #khayyam #samarkand #nishapur #science #jalalicalender #mathematics #astronomy #algebra #poetry #rubaiyat #philospher #persianscientist #intellectual #knowledge #scientist #johnwallis #oxford #edwardfitzgerald #muslimcivilization #calendar #binomialtheorem #khayyamstriangle #3095omarkhayyam #theoryofparallels https://www.instagram.com/p/CEJfh9-jgLL/?igshid=11cmsq4djazl9

Berke Khan was the ruler of Golden Horde of Mongol empire, grandson of Genghis Khan and the first Mongolian ruler to convert to Islam. Berke Khan was born to Jochi, eldest son of Genghis Khan in 1208. A.D. Berke Khan was a military commander under Batu Khan who was the ruler of Golden Horde, which ruled over parts of Southern Russia. Berke Khan converted to Islam in 1252 in the city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan. After the death of Batu Khan in 1255, Berke Khan assumed leadership of Golden Horde in 1257 A.D. Berke Khan fought with Hulagu Khan, ruler of Ikhanate of Mongol empire. Berke Khan sought alliance with Sultan Baibars of the Mamluk Sultanate against Hulagu Khan. Berke Khan supported Great Khan claimant Ariq Boke in the Toluid civil war. Berke Khan died in 1266 A.D due to illness. #berkekhan #berkehan #goldenhorde #mongolempire #mongolia #genghiskhan #kublaikhan #hulagukhan #ogedeikhan #mongke #mamluk #baibars #baybars #ainjalut #anatolia #russia #bluehorde #mongol #mongols #marcopolo #ertugrul #ertuğrul #dirilisertugrul #jochi #azerbaijan #armenia #georgia #history #historia #bukhara https://www.instagram.com/p/CEEoz7xjFot/?igshid=nz962couvqck

Raja Tun Perak was the fifth and greatest Bendahara (Similar to Prime Minister) of the Sultanate of Malacca from 1456-1498 A.D Tun Perak was the son of Malacca's first bendahara, Sri Wak Raja Tun Perapatih Besar. Tun Perak was a warrior statesman. He led the Malaccan army to victory by defeating the Siamese invaders. After the victory he was made bendahara by Sultan Muzaffar Shah of Malaccan Sultanate in 1456. Tun Perak was a genius administrator and due to his efforts Sultanate of Malacca expanded to most of the Malay Peninsula. Sultanate of Malacca prospered and a golden era heralded in the Malay sultanates in the archipelago. Malay culture spread across the new territories. Tun Perak served under four Sultans, Sultan Muzaffar Shah, Sultan Mansur Shah, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah and Sultan Mahmud Shah from 1456 to 1498. Tun Perak died in 1498 A.D. #tunperak #rajatunperak #nusantara #malaysia #indonesia #singapore #brunei #malacca #sultanateofmalacca #walisongo #bendahara #history #historia #worldhistory #southeastasianhistory #malay #singapura #muzzfarshah #malaccan #malaccahistoricalcity #malaygoldenage #mansurshah #alauddinriayatshah #mahmudshah #civilization #heritage #indonesian #culture https://www.instagram.com/p/CEBrYJ1DxuR/?igshid=a4kv1c10shdi

Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen/Alhacen), Father of Modern Optics was born in 965 A.D. Basrah, Iraq. Ibn al Haytham, a polymath, was an Arab Mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, theologian and physicist during the Islamic Golden Age. Ibn al Haytham, invented the pinhole camera "Camera Obscura" which would later evolve into modern day camera. Ibn al- Haytham is most famously known for his seven volume magnum opus Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics). Ibn al-Haytham wrote 96 books on various topics physics, mathematics, theology, medicine, psychology , astronomy,philosophy, optics and others. The mighty polymath, Ibn al-Haytham's work changed the course of science as centuries later after european dark ages his translated work(Latin, Hebrew) would influence the likes of Roger Bacon, Leonardo Da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Rene Descartes, Robert Grosseteste, Witelo, Christiaan Huygens, Giambattista della Porta and others who would build on foundations laid by Ibn al- Haytham and make significant contributions in science. A crater on moon has been named in Ibn al Haytham's honour, impact crater Alhazen.Asteroid 59239 Alhazen was also named to honour the genius Ibn al Haytham. In 2015, International year of Light celebrated the 1000th anniversary of the works on optics by Ibn al Haytham. Ibn al-Haytham died in March 1040 A.D Cairo, Egypt. #ibnalhaytham #alhazen #alhacen #science #cameraobscura #physicist #philosopher #medicine #yearoflight #muslimscientists #arabscientist #renaissance #muslimcivilization #islamicgoldenage #goldenageofscience #haytham #scientificinnovation #inventions #pinholecamera #bookofoptics #islamiccivilization #fountofmoderncivilization #asteroid59239 #polymath #mathematics #rogerbacon #leonardodavinci #galileo #averroes #descartes https://www.instagram.com/p/CD6FHGWjUtX/?igshid=10uoz4s8zxipw

Part 2/2 Al Madinah (Palermo) became a prosperous city being a major trading hub. naval base and had a thriving fishing and agricultural industry. Al Madinah (Palermo) went on to become the largest city of Italy and one of the largest city in Europe. In 11th century A.D. it had population of 350,000, just behind the grand cities of Cordoba Capital of Andalusia, Constantinople Capital of Byzantine and Baghdad Capital of Abbasid Caliphate. The Palace of Qasr (Cassaro) was built near the port by the Emirate of Sicily. Palermo was a cosmopolitan metropolis, it had Arabs, Berbers, Eastern Romans and Jews living in harmony with mosques, churches and synagogue existing side by side. Emirate of Sicily built extensive water system qanat (kanat) , reservoir gabiya (gebbia) and hammams (Public baths) through out Sicily improving the irrigations and agricultural productivity. New goods,reforms and ideas were introduced in Europe during the Muslim rule of Sicily like Paper, Indian-Arabic numeral system, Lemon (Limun), Oranges, Pistachio, Sugarcane and others. Asad Ibn al Furat's expedition led to the Muslim rule of Sicily for over 250 years in the Aghlabid Siciliy(827 - 909 A.D.) then Fatmid Sicily (909-965 A.D.) then Emirate of Sicily(965-1091 A.D.) Asad ibn al Furat had memorized the Holy Book Quran and was the first qadi(jurist) to be a commander of an army. Asad ibn al- Furat is said to have written a book Asadiya. Asad ibn al Furat died in 828 A.D in Sicily due to plague. #asadibnalfurat #sicily #italy #aghlabid #emirateofsicily #syracuse #Mazara #mazaradelvallo #palermo #europe #history #europeanhistory #heritage #euphemius #historia #italianhistory #cassaro #civilization #historias #byzantine #italian #sicilian #worldhistory #enlightenment #conquestofsicily #europeanheritage #culture #renaissance https://www.instagram.com/p/CDtAXZYjPVB/?igshid=130o9ppv5ense

Asad ibn al Furat, Conqueror of Sicily was born in 759 A.D. Asad was a qadi (Jusrist) and theologian who studied under the famous Malik ibn Anas(founder Maliki school) in Medina. Asad ibn al Furat lead the expedition to Byzantine Sicily (Italy) on the invitation of the Byzantine commander Euphemius to conquer Sicily against the Byzantine Emperor's forces. Euphemius had earlier sailed to Ifriqiya (Africa) and send a delegation to Emir Ziyadat Allah of Aghlabid dynasty pleading his help in conquering Sicily. The conquest was entrusted to 70 year old Asad ibn al Furat, who landed his troops at Mazara del Vallo and defeated the Byzantine emperor's forces on July 15, 827 A.D near Mazara. Asad laid siege to Syracuse and defeated large army sent from Palermo. Asad later died due to a plague that spread. It was four years later under African Berbers that Palermo (Bal'harm) was captured in 831 renaming it al Madinah (The City) and making it the Muslim Capital City of Sicily. Part 1/2 Continued on next page #asadibnalfurat #sicily #italy #aghlabid #emirateofsicily #syracuse #Mazara #mazaradelvallo #palermo #europe #history #europeanhistory #heritage #euphemius #historia #italianhistory #cassaro #civilization #historias #byzantine #italian #sicilian #worldhistory #enlightenment #conquestofsicily #europeanheritage #culture #renaissance https://www.instagram.com/p/CDs__kIj1Km/?igshid=1ezxsio6vgvgz

Abd Al-Rahman I, al -Dakhil (the Entrant), Saqr Quraish (Falcon of Quraish) or (Falcon of Andalus) born 731 A.D. in Palmyra was the founder of Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba in Andalusia (Iberia). Emirate of Cordoba lasted from 756-1031 A.D. (later into Caliphate of Cordoba from 929-1031 A.D.) After the fall of Umayyad Caliphate in 750 A.D. Syria, Abd al-Rahman I, the Umayyad prince took a heroic journey from Damascus to Andalusia (Spain/Portugal) through Palestine, Egypt and North Africa. In Al- Andalus he took power uniting the divided muslim forces there and formed the Emirate/Caliphate of Cordoba that would rule over most of Iberia for nearly 300 hundred years. Emir Abd al-Rahman I ruled with religious tolerance and ensured societal harmony in his rule in Hispania. Abd l-Rahman built the Great Mosque of Cordoba (Mezquita de Cordoba) in 780's A.D. Abd al-Rahman I, the first Spanish Umayyad Emir died in 788. A.D. in Andalusia. #abdurrahman #abdalrahman #abdulrahmanaaldakhil #andalusi #alandalus #hispania #umayyad #cordoba #andalusia #spain #history #historia #historiaespañola #historias #emiratecordoba #caliphatecordoba #emiraddakhil #spanish #iberia #iberianhistoricendurance #europe #europeanhistory #charlemagne #mezquita #mezquitadecordoba #cordova #worldhistory #granada #toledo #civilization https://www.instagram.com/p/CDlVM7aj-_h/?igshid=shvbc200r86d

Sultan Nur-uddin-Zengi was born in February 1118 A.D. Nur-uddin-Zengi was of Turkish origin and the son of Imad-uddin-Zengi of the Zengid Dynasty. Nuruddin Zengi unified the divided muslim forces in the area(Aleppo, Mosul,Syria) against the crusader forces and captured Edessa, Antakya and Damascus from the Crusaders. Nuruddin Zengi was known for being just and pious, he built many schools, mosque, madrasas, hospitals and caravanserais. Nuruddin Zengi laid the foundation for Salahuddin Ayyubi to later form a strong empire. Sultan Nuruddin Zengi ruled the Zengid Dynasty from 1146 -1174 A.D. Nuruddin Zengi died in 1174 A.D. and is buried in Nur al-Din Madrasa in Damascus. #zengi #nuruddinzengi #nuruddinzangi #zengid #nurettinzengi #turk #oghuzturk #salahuddin #saladin #history https://www.instagram.com/p/CDRv7bFDd-2/?igshid=1clzj1b3ksrch