A lot of people have been emphasizing recently that DID, and other CDDs, are dissociative disorders, and not trauma disorders. This is true, though I also wanted to add the addition: complex dissociative disorders are also not "the most extreme" trauma disorders, as many people believe.
Complex Dissociative Disorders describe disorders which have a severe, complex dissociative response to trauma. This describes a specific pattern of trauma responses, which is often related to needing an escape from a situation that is experienced as inescapable.
This is no different to other disorders which originate in trauma, such as Personality Disorders.
Personality Disorders are usually* developed due to childhood trauma. Similarly to a CDD, they are specific patterns of recognized trauma responses. Most, for example, have a recognized pattern of relationships with themselves, others and the world, as informed by trauma. Narcissistic Personality Disorder, for example, is often rooted in the belief someone is worthless or will not have their needs met by caretakers, and causes narcissistic patterns to be ingrained into coping mechanisms, as a trauma response.
None of these exist on a spectrum from least to most severe trauma, they are all just recognizable patterns of trauma responses.
*There are exceptions to this. Such as Schizotypal being recognized in some people without trauma, who have a family member with a Schizspec disorder. Generally this is true, however. There is also an implied note here about bias in medicine and diagnoses in general being a social construct.
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DPD flags, with two more starring two animals: a kitten and a baby goat! though feel free to use the first one and put whatever symbol you'd like if it feels it represents you!
from a probable DPDer... i can't believe how little content there is for DPD!
The core element of DPD is viewing the self as helpless and inept, and others as strong and competent
People with DPD have low self-esteem and high insecurity, and they imagine themselves to be powerless. They often adapt their behaviors according to what they need in order to find and establish a relationship with a safe person
DPD may also cause separation anxiety, leading to "passive, clinging, and submissive" behavior
People with DPD may have more than one person that they depend on
Having DPD is associated with good grades, attending to medical problems more quickly, and strong skill at reading subtle social cues
DPD is a heterogenous disorder, which means that different people may experience it differently
Differential diagnosis
There is quite a bit of overlap with avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD)
DPD individuals feel anxious about being left alone or functioning autonomously, while people with AvPD do not; people with DPD believe that there are others out there who will help them, while people with AvPD don't; people with AvPD are more introverted than those with DPD; people with AvPD also experience more alexithymia than people with DPD
DPD and BPD are both characterized by a fear of abandonment, but BPD causes stronger mood swings, splitting, and impulsive behaviors, while individuals with DPD are often more consistent
DPD is also frequently comorbid with (occurs at the same time as) anxiety disorders, depression, and eating disorders
Causes
Factors that contribute to the development of DPD are family environment (especially overprotective and authoritarian parenting), social learning, severe childhood illness, biological predisposition, and childhood trauma
Temperamental traits of negativity, low adaptability, and tendency to withdraw may be associated with later developing DPD
Women are 40% more likely than men to be diagnosed with DPD. This may be due to clinician bias, bias within the criteria, and/or underlying psychological issues presenting differently according to societal expectations
Other
DPD is estimated to have a prevalence rate of 0.5-2%
DPD is associated with high risk of suicide, self harm, and substance abuse
It's not known for sure if DPD is lifelong or not
DPD can develop at any point in life
DPD is often treated with CBT. This is considered very effective
People with DPD are at increased risk of being abuse victims as adults
Further reading:
DPD resources (Reddit thread)
DPD checklist
DPD vs BPD
DPD resources
Sources:
Disney, K. L. (2013). Dependent personality disorder: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 1184–1196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.001 (PDF)
Simonelli, A., & Parolin, M. (2017). Dependent Personality Disorder. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_578-1
Loas, G., Cormier, J., & Perez-Diaz, F. (2010). Dependent personality disorder and physical abuse. Psychiatry Research, 185(1–2), 167–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2009.06.011
Loas, G., Baelde, O., & Verrier, A. (2014). Relationship between alexithymia and dependent personality disorder: A dimensional analysis. Psychiatry Research, 225(3), 484–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.062
What is the difference between dependent personality disorder and borderline personality disorder? (n.d.). bromundlaw.com. https://bromundlaw.com/psychology/dependent-personality-disorder-vs-borderline-personality-disorder
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Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD): Symptoms and Characteristics
[PT: Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD): Symptoms and Characteristics /End PT]
Dependent Personality Disorder is a cluster C disorder, meaning that it is characterised by anxious and/or fearful behaviours. As the name suggests, one with Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is dependent on people, but in ways that are disruptive to their personality, way of being, and interpersonal relationships.
A pwDPD struggles greatly to be independent, hence the dependency. Symptoms include:
trouble making everyday decisions, like what to wear, without constant reassurance and advice from others
difficulty starting tasks on their own
intense fear of not being able to take care of themselves
doing or volunteering for uncomfortable tasks to get support or nurturance from others
needing others to take responsibility for various aspects of their life
avoiding expressing disagreement or creating conflict in relationships for fear of losing the relationship
feeling uncomfortable when alone
having a fear of abandonment and a sense of helplessness when relationships end
There are similarities between DPD and BPD, but the key difference between the two is mood fluctuations and how the pwPD deals with anxiety around abandonment. A pwBPD may experience swings in their mood that can put a huge strain on their interpersonal relationships, and a fear of abandonment that may lead to said mood swings. However, a pwDPD is very anxious about someone leaving them, and will therefore most likely be passive and "submissive" to avoid conflict, ergo avoiding someone leaving them. There is also a lack of impulsivity in DPD that is often a key factor in BPD.
Less than 1% of adults in the U.S. meet the criteria for DPD, which is most likely due to under-research on the condition, which leads to under-diagnosis. However, the research that has been done suggests that factors in the development of DPD include childhood trauma (as with all other PDs) and anxiety disorders in family members. The latter is because DPD is an anxiety-driven condition, and, should one leave one's anxiety untreated/ignored, it could form into the personality disorder.
Another factor is also parenting styles and/or childhood trauma, as a traumatised child may become entirely reliant on a parent, even though said parent may be abusive. Authoritarian parenting styles may contribute to this as well, as the child may lose confidence in decision-making and start relying solely on other people to make decisions for them.
PT: Tulip DPD (Dependent Personality Disorder) flag [Sparkle emoji]
[ID: two almost identical flags, the one on the right having a divided sun symbol representing the dependent personality disorder. The colors of the horizontal stripes are pastel/desaturated, and are in the following order, top to bottom: purple, peach pink, orange, yellow, and green /End ID]
DPD Symbol by @/revenant-coining, and also credits to @/dependencypersonality for the idea of the tulip being representative of DPD, very thoughtful! Those two together made something click in my brain.
I wanted to make my own take on the DPD flag, seeing as how much it affects my life. I wanted it to be full of meaning and hope for a better future while acknowledging it isn't all sunshine and rainbows.
Stripe Meanings:
Purple: Darkness when without the guidance of others, being lost in the dark.
Peach pink: Depended person, being dependant on them. (Can also represent the love one feels for them, though not necessarily)
Orange: Anxiety, Feeling anxious and stressed when forced to make own decisions
Yellow: Hope for a better tomorrow, new beginnings (rising sun rays)
Green: Growth, constantly trying to be more independent and growing as a person. (Recovery)
As you can see, the majority of colors (3 out of 5) are warm, and the orange is centered. This is because orange is associated with anxiety and cluster C pds are the "anxious" ones.
The colors are in negativity to positivity in meaning, atleast to me. Going from feeling lost and depending on someone, to anxiety but being a bit more independent, having hope, and finally being in recovery and healing,
I chose to use the theme of sunrise colored tulips for two reasons: firstly, the DPD symbol is a setting/rising sun. Secondly, tulips and flowers in general are seen as a "needy" because of how fragile and sensitive to various factors they are, so they depend on their gardeners to stay alive and healthy
I used common tulips colors, except white and the darkest purples to keep some harmony in the color pallette and to maintain the sunrise/sunset theme.
