Snake Oil 2

(Left) This is a traditional Somali ship known as a beden. Traditionally, the planks are sewn together with coconut fiber instead of hammered with nails. Did you know ancient Somalia had a maritime empire?

(Right) Galway hooker, from Galway Ireland. The original cloth sails were treated with a solution made from treebark to protect them from rot, which just so happened to turn the sails their iconic rusty red color, and modern synthetic sailcloth is dyed to imitate this.

(Left) Viking boats (amongst others) were built with the planks overlapping (clinker) instead of being flush (carvel) this provides flexibility for the boat to bend instead of break in rough seas but still maintains strength.

(Right) a Māori waka taua (decorated war canoe). This particular one is Ngā Toki, and it previously held the world record for longest canoe at 123 feet long and 6 1/2 wide).

Four more that I know less about:

(Left) Haida dugout canoe.

(Right) Vietnamese Ghe Nang.

(Left) An Unangax baidarka.

So the first thing to understand about PNW dugout canoes is that they're deceptively simple in design. There's a long, bad history of people looking at dugout canoes and going "oh, how primitive", when the opposite is true. They're very difficult to make well, and even more stylistically simple forms require a good amount of knowledge and skill in construction and use.

Image 1: An unfinished canoe in Haida Gwaii

PNW canoes like those of the Haida, Nuu-chah-nulth, Kwakwaka'wakw, Coast Salish, and Makah nations (amongst many others) are almost entirely made from a single trunk of red cedar, which, depending on techniques, could even be used to make two canoes. Before commercial logging destroyed old growth forests, these canoes could reach over 60 feet in length (18 meters) — to put in perspective, this is two thirds the length of Captain Cook's ship HMS Endeavour.

Each PNW culture has its own way of making canoes, and styles vary from region to region. The fascinating thing about PNW canoes is that they are essentially tailored to the environment where they're constructed. Nuu-chah-nulth canoes, designed for the west coast of Vancouver Island, have a high prow (front) and a low stern (back) which allows them to be launched directly into the strong ocean surf that is a trademark of the region. (Canoe crews would then have to either turn around or paddle backwards when beaching the canoe.)

Image 2: A West Coast Nuu-chah-nulth style canoe with its signature prow and stern

Broadly speaking, once a red cedar tree was cut, the initial shaping of the canoe would take place right there — if any defect was found in the material, the canoe would be abandoned, as dugout canoes require high quality wood. This is one of the reasons why in some parts of the PNW, you can find half-finished canoes in the forest. Once the initial shaping was complete after months of work, the canoe would be hauled down to the beach for finishing. One of the major techniques in finishing a canoe is steaming, which allows the wood to soften and expand with the addition of spacers, resulting in a light, strong watercraft that is wider than the tree it was carved from.

The technological capabilities of PNW canoes are unmatched for the region. Nations along the coast engaged in long distance trade, as well as warfare, and different styles of canoes were made for these different purposes. Makah canoes were capable of travelling over 40 kilometres offshore during whale hunts, and I have been told a story of Haida travellers many centuries ago who returned after many years away from a place where the locals ate strange white maggot-like food in bowls (possibly rice). It's also worth remembering that canoes perform better in the conditions of the PNW than European-style ships. A key difference between canoes and rigged ships is that canoes can hug the shoreline and are less vulnerable to being blown onto rocks by strong wind. While there are some significant trade-offs, this manoeuvrability makes them much better suited than the ships that Europeans arrived to the PNW in. It is also possible that they used woven bark sails in their canoes, though the existence of sails in pre-Contact North America is difficult to prove.

Unfortunately, with the colonisation of the PNW, traditional canoebuilding was threatened by colonial powers and banned under Canada's Indian Act. The only form of canoebuilding allowed in Canada was the racing canoe, and as a result, all technological development was channelled into the racing canoe, which remains a vibrant part of modern First Nations cultures in BC.

Image 3: The Loo Taas (Wave Eater), built in 1986 by master Haida artist Bill Reid — the first Haida canoe built in Skidegate, Haida Gwaii, in over 100 years

Some good resources:

https://qmackie.com/2010/01/25/canoe-steaming/

https://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/exhibits/virtual-exhibits/canoes--lifeways--waterways.html

https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/projects/02tribal/canoe_tech/canoe_tech.html

saxali, @archaeos yaka wawa:

saltsəqw anqati-ikta-dakta chaku-kəmtəks-tilixam nayka, pi nayka tiki wawa kʰapa kənim kʰapa shawash-tilixam ɬaska uk wawa chinuk-wawa!

iləp ikta uk ɬush msayka kəmtəks kʰapa kənim kʰapa chinuk-wawa-tilixam: munk-kənim kakupus kakwa wik-q'el, bət wik dret! qʰənchi-lili bastən-tilixam ɬaska nanich kʰapa kənim, pi ɬaska mashachi-wawa, "o, dret kakwa-shawash!" (pi ɬas kəmtəks "o, dret kakwa-tenas!") wik dret! shawash-tilixam ɬaska mamuk dret ɬush kənim, pi dret kəmtəks-mamuk ɬaska. ɬaska hayu chaku-kəmtəks pus munk-kənim pi munk-isik uk -- kʰənəx kənim uk kakupus kakwa wik-q'el.

[pʰikcha ixt: sitkum kʰəpit kənim ukuk kʰapa haida gwaii]

chinuk-wawa-tilixam kakwa haida-tilixam, nuu-chah-nulth-tilixam, kwa-kawka'wakw-tilixam, saltsəqw-salish-tilixam, pi mahkah-tilixam (pi hayu wəxt) ɬaska munk kənim kʰapa ixt kənim-stik. ixt-ixt, ixt kənim-stik ukuk chaku mawkst kənim kʰapa xluyma qʰata-kakwa. anqati, pi chxi hayu-ulman-stik ukuk chaku-kakshət kʰapa tiki-dala tilixam ɬaska uk munk-iskam-iskam stik, ixt-ixt kənim ukuk manaqi taxam-taɬlam huf (18 meters) yuɬqat -- dret kakwa mawkst munk-sitkum-kʰupa-ɬun kʰapa ship kʰapa kʰaptən Cook, uk nim HMS Endeavour.

kʰanawi tʰawn ɬaska kəmtəks xluyma qʰata-kakwa kʰapa munk-kənim. xluyma iliʔi ukuk tʼuʔan xluyma qʰata nim kʰapa kənim. chaku-tulu-təmtəm nayka kʰapa kənim kʰapa chinuk-wawa-tilixam qʰiwa kʰanawi tʰawn ɬaska munk kənim kakwa kʼipʰwət-man munk iktʰas: kʰanawi kənim ukuk kʰəpit-ɬush pus uk tsəqw. nuu-chah-nulth-tilixam ɬaska miɬayt kʰapa tʼɬip-san kʰapa hayash tənəs-iliʔi. ɬaska pulali-iliʔi ukuk tʼuʔan skukum saxali-tsəqw kʰapa saltsəqw uk makuk-tʼsəm kʰapa nuu-chah-nulth-iliʔi. ɬaska munk kənim kʰapa saxali iləp pi kikwəli ʔaptsit (kʰimtʼa). munk-kakwa ɬush pus munk-ɬatwa kʰupa-iləp pulali-iliʔi kʰapa skukum saxali-tsəqw. (pi alta pus-qʰənchi kənim-tilixam ɬaska chaku-k'ilapay, ɬas chaku kʼilapay-iwa əbə ɬas munk-isik kʰimtʼa-iləp.)

[pʰikcha mawkst: kənim ukuk kʰapa nuu-chah-nulth-tilixam kʰapa tʼɬip-san saltsəqw-iliʔi-uput. saxali iləp pi kikwəli ʔaptsit ukuk, uk t'səm-nim kʰapa nuu-chah-nulth-tilixam.]

wik-saya kwansəm, munk-kənim-tilixam ɬaska ɬq'up kikwəli kənim-stik pi alta ɬaska munk-kənim qʰa uk miɬayt. ɬaska tiki dret ɬush stik pus kənim. pus-qʰənchi ɬaska chaku-kəmtəks ɬas stik wik-ɬush, ɬas mash kʰapá ukuk. kakwa ixt-ixt msayka tʼɬap sitkum kʰəpit kənim kʰapa hayu-stik kʰapa chinuk-wawa-iliʔi. hayu mun ɬaska munk-kənim qʰa uk miɬayt. pi alta ɬaska lulu kʰapa pulali-iliʔi pus munk-kʰəpit ukuk. ɬaska munk ixpuy-liplip kənim. munk-kakwa hayash qʰata-kakwa pus munk-kʰəpit kənim. munk-kakwa munk-tʼɬimin stik kʰapa kənim, pi alta ɬaska munk kənim manaqi-hayash kʰapa inatay stik. so kənim chaku wik-tʰil pi skukum. ukuk chaku dret ɬaq'aɬ pi kənim-stik uk tʼɬap ukuk.

kənim kʰapa chinuk-wawa-tilixam ukuk skukum pus hayu qʰata nim mamunk -- dret skukum pi kʰanawi iwa pot kʰapa chinuk-wawa-iliʔi. tilixam kʰapa saltsəqw-iliʔi-uput ɬaska ɬatwa-saya pus huyhuy. wəxt ɬaska pʰayt kʰapa hayash-saləks. kakwa ɬaska munk xluyma qʰata nim kənim. makah-tilixam ɬaska ɬatwa lakit-taɬlam kilometers kʰapa katsaq saltsəqw pus ɬatwa-nanich ikuli. nayka kəmtəks yaʔim: anqati hayu takʼumunaq kʰul, haida-tilixam ɬaska ɬatwa-saya pus hayu kʰul. ɬaska chaku-kʼilapay pi alta wawa ɬas nanich iliʔi qʰa tilixam ɬaska məkʰmək xluyma tkʼup məkʰmək uk nanich kakwa tənas-inəpʰu kʰapa pʰuli iɬwəli (alaxti lays ukuk). ɬush msayka kəmtəks uk kənim kʰapa chinuk-wawa-tilixam ukuk ɬush pus ɬaska tsəqw -- dret ɬush pi bastən ship. ixt-ixt bastən ship ukuk chaku-kakshət kʰapa ston qʰiwa win ukuk hayu-pʼuxən. bət wik-kakwa kənim ukuk -- əbə wik ayaq-ayaq! pi alta kakwa kənim ukuk ɬush pus ɬatwa wik-saya iliʔi. wik kənim ukuk ɬush pus kʰanawi qʰata; munk-kənim-tilixam ɬaska huyhuy kəmtəks-ɬatwa-kʰanawi-iwa pus xluyma hayash qʰata. bət kənim ukuk dret ɬush pus tsəqw kʰapa chinuk-wawa-tilixam -- pi dret ɬush pi ship uk bastən tilixam ɬaska chaku yakwa. wəxt tʼɬunas anqati, pi chxi bastən tilixam ɬaska chaku yakwa, shawash-tilixam ɬaska munk ship-sil kʰapa lakʰlwa-kʼaw skin-stik -- bət qʼəl anqati-ikta-dakta ɬaska munk-nanich dret ukuk.

sik-təmtəm-kakwa, wik-shawash-tilixam ɬaska munk-hilu shawash skukum pus munk-tayi-wawa, pi alta wik-shawash-tayi-tilixum munk munk-kənim wik-saya hilu. pʰasayuks-tayi-tilixam munk tayi-wawa uk shawash-tilixum ɬaska aɬqi kʰəpit munk-kənim, kʰapa "shawash tayi-wawa" kʰapa pʰasayuks-iliʔi (Indian Act of Canada). alta ɬush ɬaska munk kʰəpit-ixt qʰata nim kənim: uk ayaq pi tulu hihi. kakwa pus-qʰənchi munk-kənim-tilixam ɬaska tiki-munk chxi qʰata-kakwa pus manaqi ɬush kənim, kwansəm pus kʰəltəs ayaq-tulu-hihi kənim. alta ayaq-tulu-hihi kənim ukuk dret tʼukti pi hayash kʰapa shawash munk pi miɬayt kʰapa British Columbia.

[pʰikcha ɬun: kənim nim "loo taas" ("nayka məkʰmək saxali-tsəqw") ukuk. kəmtəks-mamuk munk-kənim-tilixam Bill Reid yaka munk ukuk kʰapa 1986. ukuk iləp haida kənim chaku kʰapa skidegate kʰapa haida gwaii pus manaqi takʼumunaq kʰul.]

tənəs-hayu ɬush pipa:

https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/projects/02tribal/canoe_tech/canoe_tech.html

Flew on Epstein’s plane at least seven times. Just friends, I guess.

Pleaded the Fifth more than 400 times in a single deposition. Nothing says “innocent” like refusing to answer a single question about your own business.

34 felony convictions. A record most people would call disqualifying. He calls it Tuesday.

91 criminal charges. At some point you have to wonder if he collects these like trophies.

Accused of sexual misconduct or assault by at least 26 women. But sure, tell me again how he’s a great guy.

6 corporate bankruptcies. The self proclaimed greatest businessman alive somehow keeps running out of money.

5 draft deferments. Funny how the toughest guy in the room never actually showed up for duty.

4 criminal indictments. Not two. Not three. Four.

2 impeachments. A club of exactly one president.

2 of his own companies convicted of criminal tax fraud. Convicted. Not accused. Convicted.

1 fake university shut down. 1 fake charity shut down. Even his charity was a grift.

Paid 25 million dollars to settle the Trump University fraud lawsuit because scamming people who believed in you costs money eventually.

Ordered to pay 5 million dollars in the first E Jean Carroll sexual abuse verdict, then hit with 83.3 million more in the second. A jury said it twice so nobody could pretend it was a fluke.

Ordered to pay 2 million dollars for looting his own so called charity. Stealing from a charity with his own name on it.

Found liable for business fraud and originally slapped with a penalty topping 450 million dollars, later thrown out on appeal while the fraud finding itself stuck to him anyway.

First president in modern history to increase the deficit every single year of a full term. Fiscal responsibility, apparently, was always just a talking point.

Kept the debt to GDP ratio above 100 percent for his entire first term.

Presided over the largest single day point drop in Dow Jones history at the time. So much for the guy who claimed to be a genius with money.

Set the record for the longest government shutdown in US history in his first term at 35 days, then couldn’t resist beating his own miserable record in his second term with a 43 day shutdown, followed by yet another shutdown just months later. Encore nobody asked for.

Added roughly 2.25 trillion dollars to the national debt in his first year back in office alone, pushing the debt past 39 trillion dollars. Somebody remind me who the party of fiscal discipline is again.

Pushed through the largest defense budget increase since World War Two while the debt kept climbing anyway.

Purged more than 300,000 federal employees in his first year back. Efficient, if your goal is chaos.

Pardoned nearly 1,600 January 6 Capitol rioters on his very first day back in office, including Oath Keepers and Proud Boys leaders convicted of seditious conspiracy. Law and order, except when it’s inconvenient.

At least 40 of those pardoned rioters have already been rearrested, charged, or sentenced for new crimes since walking free. Shocking absolutely nobody.

His family’s crypto ventures, including a meme coin and World Liberty Financial, pulled in more than 1.4 billion dollars in disclosed earnings while he sat in the Oval Office. Draining the swamp was apparently code for filling his own pockets.

Sent the National Guard into American cities at a cost of nearly 500 million taxpayer dollars in 2025 alone.

His own tariffs are projected to cost the average American household more than 2,500 dollars this year. You’re paying for this. Not China. You.

Now sitting at one of the lowest approval ratings of his second term, stuck in the high 30s while inflation and gas prices make everyday life harder.

men just love to run their fucking mouth about what women do or do not want without even once considering consulting any actual women on the matter

Finally bringing this idea back, what if Kaos's evil skylander clones were scary twisted doppelgangers or failed copies

Transgender community, please please please do NOT use this product! It will kill you if used, please do not use it whatsoever.

They released an album too! I don't think this song is on it but the rest of their stuff is SO GOOD !!

but like…Becky, of course LGBTQ+ people existed before Stonewall. We’ve all existed since the beginning of time. But the movement got a shock to its senses, a jump-start, a rocket-into-space when that glass shattered via Marsha P. Johnson, and when Sylvia Rivera was up on-stage protesting guess who was on the sidelines heckling her?

Without a trans black woman, LGBT+ rights would not exist. Never forget. Never “pay it no mind”.

It's not about being tough on crime, because the absolute toughest most brutal measure you could take against "crime" as a social problem is to alleviate poverty, and increase access to education, healthcare and social mobility.

It's about performing "tough on crime" as an aesthetic by enacting violence against a prop, i.e. minorities and the impoverished, who are fetishized and objectified to represent "crime." They are brutalized as punishment for crime, but never with the purpose of alleviating the problem of crime.

Have you guys seen that clip

Stop abusing your boyfriends and yes what you are doing is abuse.

Stop:

Yelling at him in front of his friends 

Hitting or slapping him when he does or says something you don’t like

Telling him he doesn’t have a choice when it comes to decisions that involve both of you 

Telling him he can’t hang out with friends because you don’t like him

Telling him to not talk to other girls even if they are his friend

Forcing him to spend every moment with you 

Belittling him and pointing out all his flaws

Calling him stupid or making fun of him for making a mistake

Threatening to break up with him if he doesn’t do what you want

Being emotionally manipulative and crying until he does what you want

Accusing him of cheating every time he’s not with you

Blow up is phone if he doesn’t text you every five minutes 

Telling him you are the must thing that has ever happened to him and no one else will love

Physically attacking him when ever you are mad

Forcing him to have sex despite that fact that he said he didn’t want to

Invading his privacy by going through his phone

Getting mad at him for changing his password and demanding he tell you what it is

If a guy did any of these things to a girl it would be considered abuse but since its the other way around its considered normal. Throughout High school I saw many girl treating their boyfriends like shit. Sometime even physically abusing them in the hallways and no one trying to stop it because its a girl attacking a boy. 

Boys: If your girlfriend does anything on this list leave her. It is abuse and you deserve better.

You don’t deserve to be screamed at, ignored, or assaulted.

Being passive aggressive with him when he wants to spend time with friends or doing other things 

controlling when he’s able to go out with friends

Breaking up his friendships with other girls just because you’re insecure

Making him feel like his opinions in decisions that affect the both of you are irrelevant and don’t matter

SENDING HIS NUMBER TO STRANGERS TO TEST IF HE’S LOYAL OR NOT

testing him in anyway in general without his knowledge or permission (example: catfishing! it’s manipulative and weird don’t fucking do that)

taking money/credit cards without permission to spend on things without his knowledge ( had an ex friend do this constantly to her boyfriend and she’d always condone it because “he’ll get over it” )

guilting him for hanging out with friends/family over you  and making him choose between you and friends/family

telling him “you don’t love me if you *insert harmless activity he wants to do here* “

being rude or mean to him in front of others to assert dominance or power over him

downloading apps to spy on his phone activity (yes, this is a thing “”regular”” people do) or snooping on his social media to see who he’s talking to

hitting him, slapping him, punching him, shoving him. literally how do people not understand slapping your male partner is bad. people tend to find this funny in media and society and its weird. KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF YOUR PARTNER WITHOUT PERMISSION. 

and let me add this. ABUSIVE TEEN GIRLFRIENDS TURN INTO ABUSIVE GROWN ASS WOMEN GIRLFRIENDS WHO TURN INTO ABUSIVE WIVES.

if you have an abusive teen or young adult gf right now fellas, leave. don’t let her use you to get her shit right. you’ll be so fucked up by the time she gets it together if she ever does and believe that most likely she won’t.  

I guess God wanted the little robot to enjoy some sushi 🍣 🥲