putting aside all the physical risk and patriarchal conditioning for a second (lol), there's also literally never a good age to have a baby. you're 20 years old and energetic, but too immature and not financially stable. or you're 30 and your hips are at the optimal width, but your knees hurt and you have to work all the time to get to a good career position so you can maybe take time off. or you're 40, mature, and secure in your job, but you're not energetic and you're constantly being told you're gonna fuck up your baby's life because you're too old and something something geriatric pregnancy. you literally can't win
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if you ever feel powerless and invisible, remember that there were always female revolutionaries, fighting for the world to change. coming from different times, places, backgrounds and cultures - what they all had in common was the desire to liberate themselves and fellow women from what was forced on them without any thought.
it's a blatant lie that they love to push on history lessons and documentaries, showing us the all-male leadership on both sides of every conflict imaginable. women were always there, standing up for those who had their voices hushed.
just to name a few. if you have the opportunity, take time today to read up on them, their causes and work. you are never alone, for they were fighting for your rights too.
Womenâs history just got richer. Despite "biases of some archaeologists, shaped for generations by male-dominated narratives that omit women from positions of power"
An archaeologist unspools the story of a female leader buried over 1,000 years ago on the Tibetan Plateau.
By Meixu Ye 11 Dec 2025
Rock art in Tibet may have been drawn centuries ago at a time when women ruled the region.
From John Vincent Bellezza, 2023
A TOMB IN THE HIGHLANDS
In 2005, a truck rumbled down a dirt road in western Tibet, its heavy wheels collapsing ground as it passed. When monks came to clear the debris, they found fragments of a wooden coffin, human bones, and traces of silk.
The accident revealed a tomb beneath the road and a doorway into a forgotten world.
Nearly a decade later, archaeologists returned to excavate the site now known as Gurugyam (ŕ˝ŕ˝´ŕźŕ˝˘ŕ˝´ŕźŕ˝ŕžąŕ˝ŕź) Cemetery. Among the many stone-lined burial chambers, one tomb stood out: M2ânamed using a common convention in Chinese archaeology, where M stands for mu (ĺ˘), meaning âtomb,â and the number marks its order of discovery.
The tomb was unusually large and intricately constructed. Whatever precious objects may have once filled it had long disappeared. But the tomb still held scattered bones from what appeared to be a female personâa conclusion later confirmed by ancient DNA analysis.
Who was she? Initially, researchers cast the person in M2 as a sacrificed attendant, assuming a woman would not receive such distinguished burial quartersâan idea more rooted in present-day biases than circumstances of the past. But in the near decade since she surfaced, accumulating evidence suggests the individual was a high-status woman, perhaps a political leader.
And her existence may signal the reality of a place normally described in legends: the âWomenâs Kingdomâ (ĺĽłĺ˝ NĂźguo), written about in 7th- to 8th-century Chinese texts.
I did not meet M2âs occupant in the dust of excavation but on the pages of a research report. As an archaeologist interested in gender and power, I found myself repeatedly returning to her life and her afterlife as the subject of scientific inquiry. I began to glimpse this ancient world where women held power. At the same time, I wondered why her story remains relegated to footnotes of scientific studies, buried in another sense.
TRACES OF A WOMENâS KINGDOM
Gurugyam Cemetery sits along the upper reaches of the Xiangquan (蹥ćł) River (Langchen Khabub ŕ˝ŕžłŕ˝ŕźŕ˝ŕ˝şŕ˝ŕźŕ˝ŕźŕ˝ ŕ˝ŕ˝ŕź) in Tibetâs Ngari (ŕ˝ŕ˝ŕ˝ ŕźŕ˝˘ŕ˝˛ŕ˝Śŕź) region. Between 2012 and 2014, archaeologists excavated 11 tombs, eight of whichâincluding the burial known as M2âdate to the 3rd and 4th centuries, roughly the end of the Han and Jin period in central China. This was a time of upheaval in the Chinese heartland. The once-mighty Han dynasty collapsed, ushering in an age of warlords and short-lived dynasties, before the Western Jin briefly reunited the realm.
Excavated between 2012 and 2014, Gurugyam Cemetery is located in Tibetâs Ngari region.
The people who built and used Gurugyam Cemetery lived hundreds of miles west in a Tibetan polity, not under rule by these Chinese dynasties. But the Gurugyam society may have been described by writers living in Chinaâs imperial centers. Ancient texts discuss a far-off âWomenâs Kingdomâ south of the Pamir Mountains, extending from what is now Tibetâs Ngari (Ali éżé) region to its borders with Tajikistan and Afghanistan. The Book of Sui (é䚌), compiled in the 7th century under the Sui dynasty, records that âsouth of the Congling Mountains lies a realm ruled by women whose rulers bore the surname Supi ⌠they honor women and belittle menâ; the Tongdian (éĺ ¸), an 8th-century encyclopedic work by Du You (ćä˝), offers still more detail: âIn that land, women filled official posts, men acted as soldiers; women could have multiple husbands, and children took their motherâs name.â
Whether these were factual observations or imaginative projections, they outlined a strikingly different social orderâone that inverted the patriarchal norms of Chinaâs dynasties.
Could Gurugyam, and the female in M2, offer material traces of such a kingdom?
THE PUZZLE OF M2
When archaeologists began clearing the cemetery, they uncovered eight tombs sunk into the ground, each a vertical shaft lined with stones. In some they noticed flashes of cinnabarâa vivid red mineralâstill clinging to the walls after over 1,000 years. Individuals buried alone were mostly on their sides with bent legs, while the bones in multi-person tombs were found shifted, in disarray.
Ancient texts place the âWomenâs Kingdomâ south of the Pamir Mountains, along the Silk Road.
Graves held finely woven silk, bronze vessels, ceramics, wooden objects, and iron tools. Golden funerary masks and a brocade bearing the characters for ânobleâ (ç䞯), hint at the elevated social status for some of the dead. Archaeologists also found barley grainsâsome alongside remnants of woven bags that once held themâand bones from cattle, sheep, and horses. Perhaps the foods were offerings or part of some other funerary ritual.
The remains within M2 belonged to a female, estimated to be between 25 and 30 years old. Though not unusually large, her tomb was meticulously constructed from three distinct types of stone. Its floor was hardened by fire, and the walls were coated in cinnabar. In addition to the human remains, the tomb also contained two complete horse skeletons, one complete sheep, and a scatter of other animal bones.
In excavation layers above M2, archaeologists found a pit packed with sheep bonesâplacement that suggests people came with offerings to remember or venerate the deceased after her death.
Although M2âs lavish design seems to confirm its occupantâs importance, her elite status was not immediately clear. By the time the archaeologists excavated M2 in 2014, its female skeleton was broken and incomplete. Though looting in the modern era probably caused the damage, some archaeologists saw the scene and had other thoughts: They wondered whether she was not the tombâs master but a sacrificed attendant.
Yet multiple lines of evidence contradict this view.
RECONSTRUCTING A LIFE
Archaeologists working at Gurugyam noted that M2âs vault was the largest and most elaborate tomb. Ancient DNA analyses reported in 2020 revealed the person inside shared close kinship ties with other individuals buried at Gurugyam, confirming the place as a family cemetery.
The timing and location of her burial seem to fit the region and era described in Chinese chronicles of a Womenâs Kingdom. The earliest clear written reference to a âWomenâs Kingdomâ appears in the mid-5th century, when it was listed among exotic goods exchanged in diplomatic contacts.
The chronicles speak of salt-rich valleys where caravans wound their way across the mountains through the Womenâs Kingdom. Perhaps a depiction of these salt traders, rock art on the plateau shows lines of figures stooped under heavy loads. The salt routes overlapped with Silk Road branches, encounters that would have brought silk, tea, and other goods into the highlands.
Foods from afar likely fed the M2 individual, based on analyses on chemical signatures embedded in her bones. AÂ 2023 study of stable isotopesâatoms of the same element that differ in weightârevealed her bones harbored an unusually high ratio for carbon and low ratio for nitrogen. This combination points to a diet rich in plants like millet and sorghumâcrops that do not thrive at high altitudesâand suggests her food likely arrived through long-distance trade. Compared with others buried nearby, her meals were more varied and higher quality, a testament to her elevated social status.
Foods contain varying proportions of isotopes, atoms of the same element that differ by weight. Human tissues, including bones, incorporate these isotopic differences, which archaeologists can measure using stable isotope analysis to glean insights about ancient diets, health, status, and trade.
Yet privilege did not spare her from physical hardship. Her dental remains exhibit a catalog of chronic conditions: periodontitis, an infection of the gums and jaw that loosens teeth; periapical abscesses, painful pockets of pus at the root tips; severe tooth wear, with enamel ground down by coarse, gritty foods; and thick dental calculus, hardened plaque that fuels inflammation. Microscopic defects in her first molar enamel show a growth arrest around 15 months of ageâa telltale sign of early childhood malnutrition or illness.
In the end, she did not live past her mid-20s, her body carrying imprints of both privilege and hardship.
RETHINKING POWER AND MEMORY
The simplest explanation remains that she was the tombâs ownerâits centerpiece, not sacrificed support staff. To me, the real mystery lies in the biases of some archaeologists, shaped for generations by male-dominated narratives that omit women from positions of power.
At Gurugyam, the M2 tomb counters these dominant histories. Her tomb and offerings, her cracked and tartar-caked teeth, DNA and isotopes embedded in her scattered bonesâthese lines of evidence tell a female who experienced privilege and pain. That she also held power can be gleaned from reality woven into myths.
She was not a protagonist in the grand chronicles written by scribes of ancient empires. If she appeared, it was only as a passing line at the margins of memory.
Today, aside from archaeologists studying ancient Tibet, almost no one has heard of her. I may never prove the person in M2 ruled a kingdom. But by telling her story, I hope to bring her out of the footnotes and into the public eye.
Meixu Ye is an archaeologist specializing in bioarchaeology and early Chinese societies. Her research explores skeletal analysis, trauma, and isotopic data to reconstruct ancient diets, health conditions, and social structures. She earned her masterâs degree from Cornell University and holds a bachelorâs in history and anthropology from the University of Minnesota. She works at the Anyang Workstation of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, where she analyzes human remains from the Yinxu site.
âBut feminists who organise against pornification are not arguing that sexualised images of women cause moral decay; rather that they perpetuate myths of women's unconditional sexual availability and object status, and thus undermine women's rights to sexual autonomy, physical safety and economic and social equality. The harm done to women is not a moral harm but a political one, and any analysis must be grounded in a critique of the corporate control of our visual landscape.â
âGail Dines and Julia Long. âMoral Panic? No. We are Resisting the Pornification of Women.â (2011).
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what?! have i missed something truly monumental in my understanding of genetic inheritance? and where are these percentages from? one of those dna ancestry tests?
i am genuinely confused and feel like i'm being gaslit because this sounds insane to me but no one challenged them on it. so if anyone knows more about this please reply/send me an ask. i'm not even sure how to begin searching about this, and if i ask one of my biology colleagues i'm afraid they'll think less of me lmao
It's very likely based on a genetic ancestry test. Otherwise, it's just pulling numbers from thin air.
The key point here would be determining how the genetic traits are being categorized by nationality. When does a gentic trait turn "European" or "Mexican" in the course of millenia of human migrations, how many generations back? Are these testing companies basing it on user self identification? Is it based on probablity, like 80% of Europeans at the time of testing had this trait, so it's more likely than not European? Do these DNA tests account for epigentic changes over time in an individual? A lot of questions.
The basics still stands. Unless you are identical siblings, you're going to have different DNA mixes from your parents.
I maintain that the best summation of my feminist beliefs are that men and women are not fundamentally different. There are a few quantifiable differences if you average out every woman and every man, but they are not qualitative. And most of them are socially constructed, and would be fixed if we started treating men and women the same. Neither is inherently smarter, neither is inherently kinder, neither is inherently more stoic or stronger or angrier or softer. Everyone is obsessed with the differences between women and men, with finding them and creating them and distancing themselves from the "other half". It's fucked up
could've been an incredibly epic post however please consider feminism is not exclusively concerned with personality differences & when women want distance from men that is often motivated by the question of survival; because the way those differences are societally constructed and then acted upon does not terminate at the surface level and is in fact paid for with women's blood. you would probably never say this about any other oppressed group seeking space and distance from the oppressor, so that's something to explore and ask yourself why you think it is "capricious" of women to wish to do something generally permissable in greater leftist discourse
mothers are portrayed as stupid and reactionary and overprotective for caring about things being a bad influence on children but they were absolutely fucking right. video games might not make kids violent but gamers are some of the most entitled and misogynistic nazi shitheads on the planet. music might not be satanic but the rockers are the the most violent, drug addled maniacs you can imagine, plus they tried to recreate woodstock in 1999 and it was a violent disaster. mothers might be misguided but women always have an intuition for what's likely to make men worse human beings, it doesn't take much of a cultural shift for men to become literal menaces to society
I wrote this in a rush and regret it because I really want to rephrase one part: women do not have an 'intuition' - women have pattern-matching skills and a strong emotional investment in both what happens to their children and what will make men more violent (for obvious reasons!)
'women's intuition' is one of those 'men are from mars; women are from venus' battle-of-the-sexes-style stereotypes that gets thrown about to describe women's innate ability to 'just know things'. Men get the world of logic; women's logic, meanwhile, is immediately dismissed and ignored and replaced with some flowery sense of intuition - men get the human, women get the animal. It's an insult to our intelligence to imply that we are just a channel for the greater truth rather than active agents with brains and skills, but it sounds lke a compliment so it's stuck around.
In an ideal world, intuition would be shorthand for skills such as pattern-matching, but it has too much of the above connotation for me to feel comfortable with using it in the context of women, especially whilst directly combatting the classic dismissal of women's intelligence with regard to their parenting skills.
I think another part of the problem is that men as a whole have a far greater tendency to think and behave in extremes, in pretty much every way you could think of. Because of that, they project their own extremist, black-and-white cognitive tendencies onto women and that (combined with the fact that they also have a vested interest in downplaying anything women say that could possibly jeopardize their âfunâ) makes them interpret and portray the women critiquing societal ills as being the female equivalent to the types of men who express similar views (who are typically authoritarian, controlling misogynists that want to dictate social behaviors not out of a desire to stem violence or lessen harm, but as a means of broadening their own social control and power).Â
Women began the temperance movement in the 1800s (in the contiguous US, that is - there have actually been womenâs temperance movements in a number of countries) not because they were pious conservative harpies who hated socializing, but because they were reacting to the material consequences that their heavy-drinking society had on women. They knew firsthand that men would frequently take their entire paychecks and spend it all at the local saloon, leaving nothing for their wives and children to survive off of. They frequently came home drunk and beat up said wives and children, and many women died painfully and slowly in front of their children as a result of their husbands, who would also regularly solicit the prostituted women in bars (âsaloon girlsâ) and frequented brothels, bringing home the syphilis they inevitably contracted and infecting their wives.Â
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there are a NUMBER of folktale Woman-Creatures like selkies who exist to make the inherently coercive nature of heterosexual marriage explicit and to externalize male anxiety about how if your wife had actual autonomy she very well might disappear and you might never fucking hear from her again
which is a FASCINATING category of Woman-Creature imo
someone said it's also a cautionary tale about mistreating your wife and I think that's spot on especially for other related types of stories e.g. the crane wife. like I think these stories are very much Husband Anxiety Stories. the Woman-Creatures are black boxes whose interior experience it is impossible to know and who have strange and often seemingly arbitrary rules that you must follow or else they will disappear. idk. like. that's why I think that any empowering-to-women-ness qualities of these stories is incidental. I think they're externalized anxiety about coercive societal heterosexuality and the inability to truly Know one's wife in such circumstances.
you also see a variant of this formula a lot (generally at the more literary end of the fairy tale space) where it's not a creature you capture, but a magical lady who picks you for seemingly arbitrary reasons, bettering your fortune enormously with her magic and wealth and second-hand status.
and then, for reasons usually at least slightly less arbitrary, fucks off again.
the husbandly anxiety here is more about not having access to coercion as an option.
Btw the strongest raw powerlifter Tamara Walcott started lifting at 34 and broke world records at 39. And is currently 43 and still beastmoding. So if I ever hear you guys whining about being too old to learn something new at 24 I say shut the HELL up #youcandoit
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How the hell they greenlighted that. How there is no one there with a minimum of common sense to shout that this was going to be the outcome. How their legal department didn't murder every single engineer to prevent this from shipping
Superhuman, the tech company behind the writing software Grammarly, is facing a class action lawsuit over an AI tool that presented editing suggestions as if they came from established authors and academicsânone of whom consented to have their names appear within the product.
Julia Angwin, an award-winning investigative journalist who founded The Markup, a nonprofit news organization that covers the impact of technology on society, is the only named plaintiff in the suit, which does not call for a specific amount in damages but argues that damages across the plaintiff class are in excess of $5 million. She was among the many individuals, alongside Stephen King and Neil deGrasse Tyson, offered up via Grammarlyâs âExpert Reviewâ tool as a kind of virtual editor for users.
Imagine being a product manager in grammarly and going like "fuck yeah, we are going to add a a Stephen King agent to our product" without immediately having a little part of your brain that goes "uh the dude probably has enough money to buy our entire company three times over, and he could field an army of lawyers against us for using his name without his permission".
Imagine being so full of yourself that you think you can just use the literal most successful author alive's name without his consent.
READ THIS INTERVIEW! I'm not sure I've ever read a more vicious interview, the journalist does not let up, does not let him get away with nonanswers unchallenged. God how I wish more journalists acted like this in interviews.
I read the whole interview â absolutely incredible stuff in there, lots of excellent moments, but I think this part was my favorite.
The interviewer calls out Grammarlyâs parent companyâs ad copy for saying that âin the AI era, taste and judgment are more valuable than everâ, and then insists that the CEO defines what âvaluableâ means and who is actually receiving the value in the situation. CEO ends up trying to spin the thing into an offer to have the interviewer design an AI chatbot that will impersonate himself more accurately than the one they previously made without his permission, and the interviewer proceeds to point out that the CEO basically admitted that AI devalues creative work to the point that the only way creatives can still profit is by selling out to the companies that stole their work anyway.
The interviewer then goes on to talk about how internet-related creativity is being devalued to the point where most creators have to run separate business ventures if they want to actually turn a profit, to which the CEO has no real rational response; again, the whole interview is worth checking out.
annihilation is soooo good because the biologist is aware that she is an unreliable narrator and also hates it. she WANTS to be completely impartial and objective and just observe everything without influencing any of it. but she cant so instead she omits her name from the entire book to the point where it's almost absurd and completely intentional and splits her journal into "objective" chapters detailing her expedition and "subjective" chapters detailing her memories about her husband. ill never be over you biologist
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