Lads, these boundary changes are getting a wee bit full on now.

[In all seriousness if you’re going to use relatively modern terms like Scotland & England etc then use modern boundaries. Carlisle is in England.

If you mean “”””back in the day””””” (which should be made explicitly clear) then Carlisle was in either of two of the Brythonic Celtic Kingdoms, the Kingdom of Ystrad Clud (Which later became Strathclyde, which is now in what we call Scotland, but obviously not all of the former territory, as if it did indeed include Carlisle, the city is now in Cumbria which is part of modern day England) or Rheged. Which encompasses what we would in modern times call (possibly just parts of, if not the entirety of) Cumbria, and Lancashire.

Just got The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens by Mike Ashley. This looks to be a great resource and doesn't just cover the main royal lines of England and Scotland but that of just about every post-Roman kingdom that there has been in Britain.

• Gweith Argoet LLwyfein • The Battle of Argoet LLwyfein

A poem by TALIESIN

In: Llyfr Taliesin (Book of Taliesin) 14th century (various texts probably much earlier)

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English translation of “Gweith Argoet LLwyfein” by Taliesin, one of Britain’s most ancient poems, originally composed in the early Welsh language dialect of Cumbric then spoken throughout the north of Britain.

Taliesin was a bard (court poet) who is recorded as having lived in the late 6th century. The majority of his surviving works that can be claimed as authentic, are praise poems to a north British king, Urien of Rheged.

The Book of Taliesin (Welsh: Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.

Archaeologists may have finally found the lost kingdom of Rheged, the most elusive of all the sixth century kingdoms of Dark Age Britain.

The mysterious kingdom was pre-eminent in northern Britain in the sixth century, but faded into obscurity after it was deliberately destroyed in the beginning of the following century.