#quarrying

100 Companies are responsible for ~70% of the Earth's emissions from 1988 - 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/…/100-fossil-fuel-companies-inv… https://www.activesustainability.com/…/100-companies-respo…/ https://www.sciencealert.com/these-100-companies-are-to-bla…

Quarrying and Quaking not only causes climate damage but can cause lung diseases in workers. http://www.hse.gov.uk/lung-disease/quarries.htm http://www.llechicymru.info/t0000915.english.htm https://www.hsa.ie/…/Dr_Tom_Donnelley_OCMO_Protecting_Your_…

Only 10% of the stuff we recycle actually gets reused. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/…/plastic-produced-rec…/ https://www.nytimes.com/…/recycling-landfills-plastic-paper… https://www.theguardian.com/…/uks-plastic-waste-may-be-dump…

If you don't believe in Climate Change, Global Warming, or don't care for whatever reason, You're Part of The Problem.

Quarry, Iowa City, Iowa, ca. 1904

Creator, McGinnis, Roy

West of Iowa River, near Law Commons and present location of Art Building West.

An image from a series I started working on in June, exploring the coastal landscape around a number of former stone quarries along the Dorset coast.

The conduct of quarrying dates back to when the civilization of Filipinos started to develop and it still has been done since then. Quarrying, in definition is the extracting of minerals and rocks with the use of techniques that opencast the earth and leave holes in the ground afterwards. This has been supported by many businesses for it supplies many different industries in the nation such as construction firms. It may have a number of advantages for the community but there are plenty of disadvantages with the quarrying that has been taking place in the Philippines for many decades especially because plenty are done illegally or legal but are crossing the bounds of what they allowed to do.

Quarrying has negative impacts to the living things, and environment around the site and even offsite areas. It can damage air, water, and land through the toxic wastes that are produced by quarrying. Plenty of wildlife will have to forcibly cope with a new unnerving activity around their vicinity that not only destroy their habitat but also causes plenty of disturbances. The indigenous people or local communities near the site of quarrying will also have to forcibly cope with the situation.

In the Philippines, a Republic Act has been long imposed for many businesses and sectors to follow which is the Republic Act No. 7942 that institutes a new system of mineral resources exploration, development, utilization, and conservation. A plan of quarrying at many sites of Palawan has been prevented by plenty of environmentalist and experts for it can permanently damage the healthy nature of the area. Many businesses continue with the conduct and quarry more than what is allowed in the written law of the Philippine constitution. According to Chapter 4, Section 20-22, of the R.A. No. 7942, there are exploration permits, terms and conditions of the exploration permit, and maximum areas for exploration permit that have to be strictly followed by all the sectors that are into quarrying yet plenty have violated so many of these laws causing the reaction of many other sectors that exist to protect the nature. Many firms have not thought about the equal compensation they should return in disturbing the nature for their quarrying and only thought about the profit they can gain in expanding their business whether it is done legally or not.

There are also plenty of issues in the Philippines regarding strikes and rallies done by before, peacefully living indigenous people for their ancestral rights have been crossed and they have been forcibly pushed aside even when they live on lands passed on to them by their ancestors by plenty of firms that believe minerals are rich in the areas that indigenous people own.

These disadvantages and mishaps could have been prevented or mitigated, at the least if laws that have been imposed where strictly manned and followed. More laws as to the recovery of the environment where the quarry has been conducted should be looked upon for there to be balance in give and take with nature and man. Penalties for violators should be properly imposed and there should be different basis for the different degrees of violation done.