I love how TRAs always seem to forget that this has been debunked several times
Incorporating Sex As a Biological Variable in Neuropsychiatric Research: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Be?
โThat sex effects may be context dependent also means that one cannot easily generalize from a single study to other conditions and other species.โ
Sex Differences and Opposite Effects of Stress on Dendritic Spine Density in the Male Versus Female Hippocampus
โI realized that if certain areas of the brain could change from the typical โfemale formโ to the typical โmale formโ under stress, there was no point in talking about the female brain and the male brain,โ Joel told Haaretz (paywall).
Sex beyond the genitalia: The human brain mosaic
โUnder absolutely no internal consistency, โผ80% of โbrainsโ showed substantial variability compared with 0.1% that showed internal consistency (Fig. S1E). A comparison of the ยฑ5,000 simulated condition to the actual data, in which 6% of brains showed internal consistency and 35% showed substantial variability, suggests that noise cannot explain the pattern of results we obtained, because less noise is expected to account for the percent of internal consistency but more noise to account for the percent of substantial variability.โ
โ> this study drew criticism for having standards of internal consistency that were too high and unrealistic, to which the researchers replied:
โSex affects the brain, but the prevalence of mosaicism does not support the view that sex effects on the brain produce two distinct types of brains. Current data are not sufficient, however, to fully characterize the relations between sex and the brain (4). Such characterization is necessary for studying sex effects on the brain as well as for studying brain structure, function, and dysfunction in general (4). We hope future studies will soon fill in this gap.โ
โ> some asshole wrote an article about how any study concluding that there are no significant brain differences between the sexes must have been subject to impartiality and bias, which is the natural conclusion youโd come to about a study created by women if you believe in the existence of the lady brain, the lovely ladies responded to this also:
โThus, a critical point that is absent in Cahillโs article is that the effects of sex on the brain can be opposite under different conditions. That is, what is typical in one sex under some conditions may be typical in the other sex under other conditions. Moreover, the specific interactions between sex and other factors (environmental, developmental, genetic) are different for different brain regions, and are not necessarily stable over time. As a result, the brains of women and men each comprise a unique, ever-changing โmosaicโ of features, some of which may be more typical in males and some of which may be more typical in females.8Thus brains, in contrast to genitals, do not come in distinct, fixed male or female forms.โ
Men and women are from Earth: Examining the latent structure of gender.
โAverage differences between men and women are not under dispute, but the dimensionality of gender indicates that these differences are inappropriate for diagnosing gender-typical psychological variables on the basis of sex.โ
This is important. There are generalized physiological differences between the brains of females and males but they are wildly inconsistent and there is no reason to believe they can cause gender dysphoria, that the gender dysphoria didnโt cause them, that gender is a biological trait or that the brain can somehow code for gender on a biological level. Some non-trans people have brain structures associated with the opposite sex and some trans people donโt have those structures.
Sex differences in the adult human brain: Evidence from 5,216 UK Biobank participants
โThere were very small correlations between brain variables and the cognitive tests, and these associations did not differ by sex (consistent with a prior meta-analysis on thelink between brain volume and intelligence [49]). Mediation modelling suggested that, for verbal-numerical reasoning, a very large portion (up to 99%) of the modest sex difference was mediated by brain volumetric and surface area measures. Smaller fractions (up to 38%) of the modest link between sex and reaction time could be explained by volume or surface area.โ
Basically, there are physiological differences between male and female brains but they donโt necessarily inform sexually disparate outcomes in terms of cognitive performance
From an article about the study:
โโฆ.there do appear to be many differences between male and female brains, but thereโs also tons of overlap. The obvious question, when it comes to sex-based brain-structure differences, is whether they are the cause of behavioral differences. Differences alone donโt necessarily explain anything: If women are socialized to act differently than men from a very young age, this could lead to different sorts of brain structures, especially in a set of brains whose owners are all middle-aged or older.โ
Beyond sex differences: new approaches for thinking about variation in brain structure and function
โ We argue that the existence of differences between the brains of males and females does not unravel the relations between sex and the brain nor is it sufficient to characterize a population of brainsโฆgiven that sex interacts with other factors to affect the brain, sex effects on the brain must be understood as context-dependent, where context relates to the specific environmental, developmental and genetic conditions under which sex effects were assessed and under which the animals developed. โ
And this is just the research on the โbrain sex isnโt real sideโ, if you would like to see why the studies used to โproveโ that it IS real are wrong I believe Iโve covered the lot of them, click here