Artemis almost certainly knew Bianca was a child of the Big Three, if not Hades specifically, and there's actually a lot of evidence for it in TTC.
Now, the best place to start isn't with any actual behaviors, but to establish how it's possible for Artemis to have figured this out in the first place.
We know that Grover is able to identify Nico and Bianca as being strong, although not as children of Hades. Furthermore, by the time Artemis meets them, they've learned what's going on, which we know makes demigod scents stronger– it's literally the first thing we learn in The Lightning Thief.
We also know that like satyrs, Artemis possesses the ability to track monsters by scent:
In fact, her ability is advanced enough that, combined with her experience, she can differentiate between different scents in order to track down particular ones, even for a monster like the Ophiotaurus, who she wouldn't have actually seen the first time around. And again, this ability to smell monsters is shared with satyrs, who can smell both half-bloods and other monsters.
Now, it's possible that these are unrelated abilities, that Artemis can track only monsters while monsters can track both other monsters and half-bloods, but then why use the same term of 'scent'?
The most reasonable assumption is that these abilities work on the same mechanism, and, since Artemis' nose is more developed than Grover's, she would likely be able to put together that Bianca is powerful.
Now, this by itself wouldn't be enough, which is why I want to get into two other aspects– Bianca's recruitment, and how she's treated after she's recruited.
Bianca's recruitment is, honestly, kind of strange. If we compare it to the attempted recruitment of Thalia when she was younger, for instance, Thalia always says it was Zoë who tried to recruit her:
And going by Artemis' behavior (sending the entire Hunt to Camp Half-Blood, a place they dislike, over having them roam independently), it seems unlikely that Artemis wasn't there when Zoë tried to recruit Thalia.
Thalia's attempted recruitment also likely took place over an extended period, as if it didn't, it makes little sense that Zoë would have bad blood with Thalia, even if Thalia's bad blood with Zoë could be justified by her half-feeling that Zoë was right about Luke.
Furthermore, we know that they use brochures for recruitment, again something that implies recruitment over a longer period of time. We also know that back then, they weren't going super hard on recruitment or anything, as shown by this scene in TLO:
Clearly, if they go hard on recruitment, they end up with a lot more people. So the Hunters almost certainly weren't going super hard on recruiting everyone they could.
Especially when it comes to Bianca's recruitment, the most common complaint is that they could have let her try out Camp Half-Blood and then had her make the decision. But they didn't, and we know that they're not actually going as hard as possible on recruitment. So why not leave that option for Bianca?
Well, it makes perfect sense if Artemis knows that Bianca is a Big Three kid. Kronos is definitely opposed to Percy, by this point, so if Kronos kills him and Thalia (or Artemis recruits Thalia), then the prophecy would land on Bianca's shoulders. If she stays at Camp Half-Blood, there's a possibility she defects, and if Artemis knew she was a child of Hades specifically, Bianca running away from Camp Half-Blood becomes all the more likely.
By tying Bianca in closely and making sure she doesn't stay at Camp Half-Blood, Artemis does a better job of locking down the prophecy child. In the case where both Percy and Thalia are out of the running, she can even release Bianca from her oaths, who now would be attached to the Hunters and less likely to betray Olympus.
It's a pretty solid plan, but that just explains Bianca's recruitment. But even if you think Bianca's recruitment isn't that abnormal for the Hunters, her treatment once she's in there is also extremely strange.
(For starters, let's all agree that the Hunt clearly does care about raw power to a degree? If it didn't, Thalia, a newcomer, becoming the new lieutenant makes no sense whatsoever.)
Given that, and the assumption that Artemis told Zoë something, the following makes perfect sense:
Like, there are thirteen hunters including Zoë and Bianca, why in the world is Bianca being Zoë's personal assistant? It could be a 'new kid gets to be the gofer', but that isn't how the Hunt is portrayed otherwise. It does, however, make sense if Zoë was thinking of Bianca as a potential second-in-command due to her power, or successor at this point, given she'd heard the prophecy which basically predicted her death.
Furthermore, it helps explain why she picks Bianca for the quest. She specifically mentions wanting her to prove herself, but again, that doesn't make that much sense for a new Hunter. It makes a lot more sense for a potential successor. It'd be a lot easier for people to accept her in that case.
As for why she risked taking Bianca, well, she already knew how one death was going to happen, and it seems a reasonable assumption to me that there generally aren't more deaths on a questing group than a prophecy predicts, if a prophecy predicts any.
In view of that, she knows that Bianca has only a one in four shot of being lost, and she could easily have asked Phoebe to look after Bianca and keep her safe. It isn't a guarantee, certainly, but it helps make sense of why she would make that call, because 'proving thyself' doesn't actually seem to be that important for individual Hunters in most of what is described. Heck, Zoë initially wanted to take all the Hunters together– it really doesn't seem like they normally operate solo.
My last pieces of evidence are a lot more minor, and in fact one of them goes slightly against my theory, but I felt I should include it for the sake of completeness.
Zoë does seem confused in the heat of battle, which you might think she wouldn't be if she knew Bianca was a Big 3 kid. But then again, she could also be caught up in the moment, or trying to see if it was a power Bianca could activate now. And then later on, she deflects from people questioning Bianca too hard, perhaps because she's figured out the detail of her being a kid of Hades.
It's mostly the first three arguments which I think carry the most weight, mostly because I can't really see another explanation that covers all those bases as neatly. The alternative for Zoë taking Bianca on a quest is that she was taking Bianca in hopes of sparing another Hunter from dying, but that really doesn't make sense with Zoë's character and is practically entirely antithetical to everything about her.
Given all that, I think it's basically inarguable that Artemis knew Bianca was a Big 3 kid, and probably told Zoë something along those lines.
