#liposomes

Nanotechnology deals with the manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale and applied as a transformative approach in various fields including medicine. It offers an innovative solution for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Nanoparticles play vital role in medicine due to their small size, stability and ability to interact effectively with ligands. Their size and shape, high carrier capacity and compatibility with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances sort out the limitations of traditional treatments and enhance the tissue targeting. Nanoparticles not only improving treatment efficacy but also reducing adverse effects. Targeted drug delivery improves patient compliance and overall quality of life. Lipid based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are not only utilized for drug delivery systems and diagnostic imaging, but also used for various therapeutic applications due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Green synthesis of plant-derived nanoparticles further enhances these benefits, providing an environment eco-friendly approach. Despite significant advancements, there remains a critical need for comprehensive evaluations of the latest progress in organic, inorganic and carbon-based nanoparticles and their applications across diverse therapeutic domains. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed and updated analysis of the roles and applications of nanoparticles in treating critical diseases, emphasizing their transformative potential in influencing the future of medical therapies.