A chair, 1,000 balloons, and a deadly mission.
Father Adelir Antonio de Carli launched from Paraná, Brazil in April 2008, sitting in a plastic chair lifted by 1,000 helium balloons—the kind used at birthday parties. His goal: a 20-hour flight to raise money for a truck driver support center. He carried a parachute, helmet, satellite phone, & GPS, but the equipment was not designed for long-distance aviation. This attempt is known as "cluster ballooning," & it's not the first time it has been tried. In Carli's case, each party balloon lifts roughly 14 g (0.5 oz). Add 1,000 balloons & it lifts 14 kg (31 lb). Add a chair & gear & human weight, & you need many more balloons to ascend safely. He used oversized balloons, but still, this was not an engineered aircraft.
He ran into trouble after winds shifted & pushed him eastward toward the ocean instead of inland. Wind altitudes exceed 40-60 mph (64-96 km/h), & small balloon clusters could not steer (they drift like leaves). At around 6,000 ft (1,828 m), he ran into trouble reporting a GPS malfunction & worsening weather. Once his GPS failed, he had no reliable way to position or determine direction, eventually losing radio contact. He drifted out over the Atlantic Ocean, where rescue became extremely difficult. After months of searching, his body was found off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. This is a classic of lift without navigation, flight without control, & weather overpowering human plans. Hot air balloons are real aircraft, like the ones used by the Montgolfier brothers, who successfully launched a hot air balloon in 1783 in France.
It carried Pilâtre de Rozier & the Marquis d'Arlandes for 26 minutes over Paris. Earlier that same year, they flew animals (a sheep named Montaucei, "Climb-to-the-sky"; a duck; & a rooster) to test safety (they weren't given names). That balloon used heated air, not helium, to fly, flying successfully for 8 minutes & traveling for roughly 2 miles (3.2 km), & all 3 animals survived the landing. To generate hot air, the brothers burned straw, wool & damp straw to make smoke. (They mistakenly believed that smoke helped with lift.) Heating air makes it expand & become lighter. This is the core principle of hot-air ballooning. The control of the balloons came from altitude but not their direction. They used fire to heat the air (balloon rises) & reduced the fire to cool the air (balloon sinks). Altitude control is extremely important because different layers of air move in different directions. By rising or sinking, balloonists can "choose" a wind layer that moves where they want. This gives partial steering, even without a rudder.
With the priest's 1,000 balloons, those were filled with helium, which has no burner, no heat control, no altitude control, no steering, no stability & no redundancy. They rise until the lift equals the weight. After that, you're stuck at whatever altitude the physics chooses. To descend, you'd have to pop balloons, & that's extremely dangerous. He was essentially a leaf in the wind. But long before the Brazilian priest, on July 2, 1982, Larry Walters famously flew for about 45 minutes in a Sears lawn chair in San Pedro, California, to which he had attached 42 helium weather balloons, each 8 ft (2.4 m) in diameter. Although Larry's main flight was about 45 minutes, if you include setup, ascent, drifting, descent, & landing complications, the entire event was more like 1-2 hours. Larry reached 16,000 ft (4,876 m) high—that's higher than many small aircraft fly. He was halfway to airline altitude, & airline pilots actually reported seeing him. His flight worked because he used weather balloons, not party balloons.
Weather balloons are thick, durable, stable, designed for high altitudes & able to lift heavy loads, whereas party balloons are thin, fragile, unpredictable, easily popped & not meant for aviation. He flew over land, not the ocean. He could talk to people on the ground; the priest lost GPS & radio contact. Larry had good weather & carried a sandwich, beer & a pellet gun to pop balloons should he run into trouble (although that's a last resort since it's dangerous). Larry did survive, although he drifted into controlled airspace & landed tangled in power lines, which actually caused a 20-minute blackout in part of Long Beach, California, affecting several homes. Luckily, he didn't get electrocuted because his position prevented a direct path to his body. Firefighters & utility workers rescued him & helped him climb down to safety. He was charged with one minor offense of operating an aircraft without an airworthiness certificate. The fine was $1,500 USD, later reduced to $100.