Open Access Research Paper

African swine fever (ASF) remains a global threat to the pig industry, with high mortality rates and limited control options due to the absence of effective vaccines or treatments. This review proposes a therapeutic framework to manage ASF, targeting the excessive immune response known as the “cytokine storm,” which leads to severe organ damage and death. Based on ASF progression timelines, fever typically appears 3-4 days into the infection. At this critical point targeted therapies such as anti-inflammatory agents could be administered at this critical stage to constrain the initial generation of cytokines in an attempt to delay a full blown cytokine storm. However, long-term use of anti-infammatories could dampen the pig’s immune response and so would need to be managed carefully. There is increased multi-organ damage leading to blood vessel permeability causing bleeding, which calls for blood anticoagulants to be used to prevent complications such as the blood clotting and fluid accumulation in vital organs such as in the lungs. The proposed therapeutic approach, synchronized with ASF progression, could help reduce mortality by modulating the immune response and managing complications.

The researchers utilize horn snail (Telescopium telescopium) or bagongon as the main ingredient in making patty which has not been actively consumed because of the relatively low popularity despite its abundance. Bagongon is a type of sea snail commonly found in coastal areas and muddy estuaries. The abundance of the horn snail and its nutritional value allows the researcher to produce horn snail meat patty for hamburgers containing a high content of horn snail that can maximize the taste and aroma of horn snail which would help prevent diseases. The main thrust of this study is to determine the acceptability of horn snail patty in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, flavor, and general acceptability. The researchers used the experimental design and descriptive survey methods as a tool in gathering the data with the three treatments consisting of 125 g, 150 g, 175 g of horn snail meat. The gathered data were tabulated using the weighted mean and the One-way ANOVA. Results show that T1 had the best result among the 3 treatments in terms of color, texture, and flavor while T3 had the best results among the 3 treatments in terms of taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. Results show that the three treatments do not differ from each other in overall acceptability and the null hypothesis is accepted. Furthermore, the three treatments were generally acceptable thus suggested that horn snail could be a good substitute for making a patty and can be produced as a new food product.

This study focused on the determination of heavy metals content of three fish species: Clarias spp, Chana obscura and Tilapia zilli, in the wetlands of 5 Niger Delta oil-producing communities. The samplings which were carried out with the assistance of artisanal fishermen lasted for 6 months from March to September 2021. The samples collected were bulked, composites taken and stored in ice-cool boxes for analysis. The analytical standards adopted were USEPA and APHA and the analytical instrument deployed for the determination of the heavy metals were Agilent ICP-MS7900 and Agilent atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 240A. The mean results obtained are as follows: V ranged from 0.42 µg/g to 0.61 µg/g with a mean of 0.53 µg/g, Mn, concentration ranged from 2.37 µg/g to 5.28 µg/g with a mean of 3.57 µg/g, Cd concentrations of 0.04 µg/g to 0.07 µg/g has a mean of 0.05 µg/g, Ni concentration is between 0.07 µg/g to 0.08 µg/g with a mean concentration of 0.06 µg/g, while As the concentration of 0.25 µg/g to 1.99 µg/g and has a mean concentration of 1.43 µg/g. The aggregate mean concentrations of the heavy metals were further subjected to a test of significance with ANOVA with SPSS model 21 at a 0.05 level of significance. The p-value is 0.021, thus rejecting Ho. The study recommends that oil companies operating in the Niger Delta should adopt the world’s best practices in the oil industry. Aquaculture and fisheries should be discontinued in the wetlands and remediation should be carried out.

Protein enriched cereal bar is made in order to keep in mind todays life style, as people are more fond of junk food. Food consumption is just one of the multiple factors which have an impact on the nutritional status of the overall population. A primary contributor to obesity is the increase in unhealthy eating habits. Ready to eat Protein bar is made to combat unhealthiest junk food. Nutritional composition of protein enriched cereal bar is pronounced to be a good source of protein and minerals. A protein enriched composite cereal bar composed in combination of healthful ingredients, all these ingredients are readily available and affordable. The storage stability of protein enriched composite cereal bar will include complete proximate analysis (crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash content) and their antioxidant capacity (Vitamin C, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, radical scavenger activity, DPPH) due to their bioactive compounds.

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) is a commodity of economic value, and cultivation constraints include stem rot disease by Fusarium sp. and acidic peat soil. To control this disease, farmers use destructive methods or using chemical pesticides that hurt the environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly control is needed, including using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR is a bacterium that lives around plant roots or in plant root tissue and has the potential as a biostimulant, biofertilizer, and bioprotectant. Peatlands are acidic and poor in nutrients. Therefore, soil amendments are needed. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and characterize PGPR which is capable of acting as a biofertilizer, biostimulant, and biofertilizer. This study aims to obtain rhizobacteria isolates that act as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and bioprotectants and are resistant to acid soils and study the role of indigenous PGPR in controlling corn stem rot disease in vitro. The research used descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative methods. PGPR isolates were obtained from peatlands in Kelampangan Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that six rhizobacteria isolates functioned as bioprotectants and were tolerant of acidity in peat soils, namely Pantoea stewartii, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas luteola, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus laterosporus, and four isolates were able to inhibit the development of the Fusarium sp is Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Brevibacillus laterosporus. Two isolates were found to be able to solubilize phosphate so that they have potential as biofertilizers, such as Burkholderia cepacia and Brevibacillus laterosporus.

Fungi represent a vast and largely unexplored source of biologically active metabolites. This study aimed to isolate fungi from ecologically distinct regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. During 2022–2025, 105 pure cultures were obtained from soil, water, and plant samples collected across the Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus, Kura–Araz lowland, and the southern region (Lankaran–Astara), including 79 micromycetes and 26 macromycetes. Initial screening of exogenous metabolites revealed variable activity profiles: among micromycetes, antioxidant activity was classified as weak (32 strains), medium (27), and strong (5), while antimicrobial activity was weak (26), medium (37), and strong (4). Comparable variability was observed in macromycetes. Four highly active strains were selected for detailed study. Based on classical and ITS rDNA analysis, the most promising micromycetes were identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride AEF-2024 and T. harzianum AEF-2024 (99.83% and 99.66% sequence similarity, respectively). Optimization experiments demonstrated that liquid Čapek-Doks medium yielded maximum biomass (12.5 and 10.7 g/L for T. citrinoviride and T. harzianum, respectively). Under optimized conditions, culture solution (CS) exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity (34–35 mm inhibition zones), whereas biomass extracts (BM) showed higher antioxidant capacity (29.6–31.2% DPPH radical scavenging). The findings highlight significant strain-level variability and confirm that fungal isolates from diverse Azerbaijani ecosystems constitute promising sources of bioactive metabolites with potential biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.

There are many medical compounds in bay laurel leafs includes Thymol, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol, and Nonoterpenes besides it contains antioxidants like phenols and its ability to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungus. So this study was conducted to measure the Response of performance and some blood traits of quail to bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaf powder supplementation by 0, 1, 2, 3% to the diets fed to 180 seven days old met type quail distributed to four treatments with three replicates for each treatment (15bird /replicate). The results showed no differences between experimental treatments for live body weight, weight gain and feed consumption but some differences were noticed for feed conversion ratio in favor of to bay laurel leaf powder supplementation. VLDL and triglyceride decreased significantly by adding bay laurel leaf powder.

Diabetes is a complex metabolic condition that affects the glucose homeostasis of the human body. Inflammation has been significantly associated with diabetes pathogenesis and so makes this area a popular target for the prevention and treatment of these metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of polar methanol (SB1M) and non-polar hexane (SB1H) extracts of a sea cucumber, B. argus, via inhibition of albumin denaturation assay, starch-iodine and glucose-uptake assay by yeast cells assays. Whilst there was no anti-inflammatory action observed in SB1H extracts, the SB1M showed anti-inflammatory potential (84.70±1.9% to 100±1.11%) with comparable activities with a known anti-inflammatory drug Flanax (Naproxen) (p

The morphological description was done to identify three native species belonging to the family Libellulidae (Odonata: Anisoptera) from Basrah Governorate – South of Iraq, to consider as native species for the first time. The Specimens were collected from three different regions, during the period from December 2017 to November 2018. The diagnostic features of the adults and naiads of the breeding species: Orthetrum sabina, Crocothemis servilia and Diplacodes trivialis, shows the diversity of specific characters for each species which were photographed and figured.