dostoevsky employed a rather putin-esque rhetoric towards homosexuality, considering it a western vice that would destabilize russia, as shown from this quote by his colleague varvara v timofeevna (c. 1873, trans by irene zohrab)
so it wasn't as though he was writing it in by accident. in fact, it's extremely easy to read this passage and understand some of the examples i gave above as being purposeful. in idiot, rogozhin and nastasya both use queerness to manipulate myshkin and aglaya respectively. both characters are "damaged goods" both mentally and in terms of sexual development, leading to perversion. in the cases of trusotsky and stavrogin, both characters are explicitly villainous and their villainy comes in part from their willingness to corrupt other men by any means possible, including sexually.
i can't think of any god-fearing excuse for whatever the hell happens in netochka nezvanova. the state tried to execute him because they knew that if he wrote a complete novel with a lesbian protagonist he would be too powerful. sad!
obviously this isn't woke or anything, and there were authors writing in the same period and similar circumstances who wrote much more liberal viewpoints into their works. however dostoevsky was a conservative & intensely religious man, so this isn't exactly surprising. i just wish that people could talk about this subtext without being shot down or ignored. these toxic relationships are among the most interesting parts of dostoevsky's novels to me as a gay person and i'm sick of people pretending that dostoevsky couldn't have been a) an incredible writer b) a conservative christian c) purposefully engaging with a spectre of queerness.
anyway. here are some articles i've found that do discuss the topic. i haven't had a chance to read through all of them, but they at least look interesting (all free and available for download)
dostoevsky and the (missing) marriage plot by anna a. berman (2021)
dostoevsky's comley boy: homoerotic desire and aesthetic strategies in a raw youth by susanne fusso (2000)
+ fusso has a whole book called "discovering sexuality in dostoevsky"
a falliable narrator and an inscrutable object: desire as structure in dostoevsky's the eternal husband by james phillips (2024)
"mann-mannliche" love in dostoevsky's fiction (an approach to the possessed) by irene zohrab (2002)
dostoevsky in europe: "the life of a great sinner" as source material for "the possessed" and "the adolescent", and ulrichs's confessional 'third sex' theory and some court cases in germany by irene zohrab (2001)
dostoyevsky: epilepsy, mysticism, and homosexuality by j.r. maze (1981)
myshkin's queer failure: (mis)reading masculinity in dostoevskii's the idiot by connor doak (2019)