oh hey, it's me, Deer

A lot of you have been asking me to do a "how to take care of yourself when you're sick" post. There's a lot to that ask, so I'm going to be breaking it up. You can read the one I did on colds here.

This post will be about taking care of yourself when you have nausea/vomiting/diarrhea. Those symptoms aren't limited to just the infectious kind of stomach bug, so take this as more general knowledge.

When we are talking about the infectious kind of stomach bug, you want to be very careful about cleanliness. Wash your hands with soap and water (notably, not hand sanitizer in this case- many GI pathogens just laugh at hand sanitizer) every time you go to the bathroom or vomit. If you are sick, do not handle food other people will eat. If you are the only person who can possibly handle food and there is no way around it, wash your hands extremely well, wear nitrile gloves, and cook any food you have touched thoroughly.

Nausea/Vomiting:

Nausea is the sense of discomfort in the abdomen, chest, or throat that often accompanies vomiting. You can have nausea without vomiting too. It can come from things like infectious stomach bugs, but it can also come from things like motion sickness, chronic GI illness, emotional distress, or side effects from medications. Nausea is multipurpose like that.

Generally the biggest thing with anything GI is that you want to stay hydrated. With vomiting, it can be hard, especially if you are vomiting frequently. Always start by waiting about 30-60 minutes since the last episode of vomiting, then taking very small sips of plain water every ten minutes or so. If you vomit again, start over. If you can't hold down plain water for 24 hours (or less if you have other symptoms of dehydration like very dark, infrequent urine, or your skin stays tented when pinched) seek medical care. You should also seek medical care if there is blood in your vomit (red or "coffee grounds" appearance) or if you have a fever.

If you have nausea/vomiting often you should also see a healthcare provider about that. It's not normal to have nausea/vomiting regularly.

Once you're tolerating water though, branch out to other clear liquids. Clear liquids are things you can see through (or theoretically see through) and are liquid at body temperature. This includes black coffee and tea, juice without pulp, soda, broths, sports/electrolyte drinks without resin (not cloudy), gelatin, and popsicles.

Once you're doing well on clear liquids, move to full liquids. These include everything listed above and also milks, puddings, thin yogurts, ice creams, and custards without chunks.

Once you're doing well with full liquids, move on to pureed foods (like pureed soups without chunks, juices with pulp, and smoothies), or if you're really feeling good move on to soft foods like mashed vegetables.

This progression helps give your stomach time to rest and gradually build up tolerance to foods. Most people can go for a many days as long as they're getting fluids with calories and electrolytes, so don't worry about protein/fiber/vegetables/vitamins as much in the acute phase of nausea/vomiting.

There are a lot of things you can do to reduce nausea and make you more likely to tolerate liquids.

Tasting/smelling things:

Ginger is pretty good for nausea. You can chew or suck on raw ginger (which is pretty intense for most people) or get ginger chews or tablets. You can also consume strong ginger tea hot or iced. Notably, you generally have to taste the ginger instead of just swallowing it.

Mint is also a good option. You can eat mint candy or smell peppermint oil.

Smelling isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol works well too. They sell alcohol wipes for prepping skin prior to injections, and these are super convenient (and often pretty cheap) ways to carry around isopropyl alcohol.

Coca Cola. This one is less about taste and more about the phosphoric acid content and carbonation in Coke. Because of this, it does need to be brand name or it won't work. Phosphoric acid is a great nausea reducer. Do not flatten the Coke prior to drinking. The bubbles are actually really good for nausea too. You do have to basically continually sip it for it to work.

Other sodas/Seltzer water. For the bubbles.

Other strategies:

Hot water. Sipping water or tea that is as hot as you can stand can very temporarily relieve nausea. Like with the Coke, you have to do this pretty much continuously.

Pressure points: pressing on the inside of your wrist can help. Generally the bands designed to do this don't put enough pressure on the spot, so try on your own and experiment with how much pressure you need.

Heating pad: this is more for abdominal pain/cramping, but having a sensation like heat or cold can provide some physical distraction and improve nausea.

Cool damp wash cloth: On the face or back of the neck.

Very hot baths/showers: This is mostly useful for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.

OTC Meds: Emetrol. This is just phosphoric acid. If Coke is working for you, just use that, it's cheaper and you can take it more often.

Bismuth subsalicylate: Pepto-Bismol. Works by reinforcing the mucous layer in the lining of the stomach and reducing inflammation. It also "collects" (adsorbs) bacteria like H. pylori and prevents it from doing damage. It also thickens poop to treat diarrhea. Don't take with aspirin or if you're allergic to aspirin. Ask before taking with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen.

Dimenhydrinate: Dramamine. This is a first generation antihistamine, which blocks histamine in the part of the brain that causes nausea. Contrary to popular belief this works for all kinds of nausea, not just motion sickness. Don't take it with other antihistamines, but you can take it with phosphoric acid or bismuth subsalicylate.

Diarrhea:

Diarrhea excessive liquid or very loose stools.

You can lose a lot of fluids very fast with diarrhea, so it's important to consume more fluids than you're losing. Drink a cup or two of electrolyte drink with every stool, if your stomach can tolerate it, and watch out for signs of dehydration.

A lot of people are afraid that if they stop diarrhea with diet or meds they won't "flush out" the bacteria, virus or parasite causing it. Because any infection is in the lining of the GI system and can't be flushed out, that's not how diarrhea works. That said, before starting an antidarrheal for acute diarrhea (diarrhea that comes on due to an infection or immediate problem), talk to a healthcare provider. Slowing the diarrhea has advantages in that it prevents dehydration and prevents the spread of certain pathogens. But if the diarrhea is caused by a pathogen that produces a toxin (like C. difficile) or if the diarrhea is caused by a food intolerance or allergy, you do want to get rid of the toxin or offending food. So you need to see a healthcare provider to rule this out.

If you have more than about 24 hours of severe diarrhea or can't stay hydrated, you should see a healthcare provider. They can give you better meds for diarrhea than over the counter, and antibiotics/antiparasitics if you need them. Other reasons to see a healthcare provider include blood your stool (which can be red or very dark black), a fever, a lot of mucous in the stool, pain in the abdomen that is sharp or hurts when you move, or significant changes to the color of the stool (like turning orange or white).

There are a number of things you can do about diarrhea:

Diet:

The BRAT diet is a diet to help make diarrhea more manageable. It is primarily a low-fat, low-fiber diet that classically includes Bananas, (white) Rice, Applesauce, and (white) plain Toast. You can also include things like skinless potatoes, white flour noodles, and lean meats without skin.

Caring for the Skin Around Your Anus:

One of the problems with diarrhea is that your butt hurts due to the constant irritation from the diarrhea itself and the wiping. There are a couple of things you can do here, and you can do basically one or the other at any given time. You can alternate them, though:

Protect the skin: Get zinc oxide cream and apply it after every stool. This protects the skin around the anus from moisture.

Soothe the skin: Use witch hazel or pramoxime pads to make the skin feel better. This makes the blood vessels in the area smaller and prevents pain.

Additionally to one of the above, try using baby wipes or water to clean yourself after pooping instead of dry toilet paper.

OTC Meds:

Bismuth Subsalicylate: Pepto-Bismol. Thickens stools. Don't take with aspirin or if you're allergic to aspirin. Ask before taking with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen.

are we drawing the connection between worker safety and consumer safety & public health yet?

More on the health point:

"US Department of Labor proposes more than $1M fine following worker fatality at New Jersey vegetable processing facility"

Anyone carrying a bladed weapon carried oil. (More on that in a sec) Oil is what you use to clean and condition steel, especially, since water will rust it.

Many people in the Middle Ages used scented oils for their skin and hair from noblemen to lowly serfs.

Oil was incredibly abundant and quite cheap. The TYPE of oil however does matter in this.

Sheep oil (rendered from their fat) was very common and used for all manner of things from making soap to treating skin conditions. Rendered sheep fat has a very light texture and is a decent carrier oil without too pungent of a scent. Unfortunately it did rancid fast so it was common to add lots of herbs to it to help preserve it, especially rosemary, borage, marjoram and citron peels. This is how it became a common “perfume” oil used to scent hair skin or clothes. Nearly anyone would have had this handy somewhere.

Rendered pork oil was very common too and was most popular as a cooking oil.

Vegetable oil made from walnuts, almonds and flax seed was by far the most common non-animal oil. Nearly anybody had a bottle of almond or walnut oil in their pantry or on their person. These were by far the most popular oils used for conditioning steel, with walnut oil preferred because its tannins also gave armor a patina that kept it better. Only the absurdly wealthy ever wore polished armor. Everyone else blackened it to make it keep better. Walnut oil is good at doing that.

Walnut oil also works well as a lubricant. People back then DID use sexual lube by the way. No prostitute would be caught dead without it. Their favorite types were walnut and olive oil, though almond oil might be used in a pinch. They also used watered down acacia gum in southern Europe, which was sticky but slick and easy to re-wet.

Olive oil though was THE oil in Europe. It was expensive, comparatively, but obviously people considered it well worth its cost because it was found everywhere south of the Seine and frequently seen in even minor lordly houses or knights quarters much farther north. Considering quite a few people of the time thought it had aphrodisiac qualities when applied as certain way (likely because raw olive oil has a warming effect) I think you can imagine the most common reason it was sought after by men in particular.

Olive oil was also used in medicine and just about any church had some floating around somewhere because it’s conveniently good at treating minor infections and is wonderful for toothaches.

Working at Harvard in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s as a “Computer”, Annie Jump Cannon cataloged stars using their spectra from photographic plates, in an effort to understand the mysteries and peculiarities of stellar spectra.

This was hard, detailed, nuanced work. By 1889, three years into her work, she had classified over 1,000 stars. By 1913, she could classify 200 stars an hour. She could classify three stars a minute, just by sight. Using a magnifying glass, she could classify stars down to 9th magnitude, 16 times fainter than the human eye can see. And she did this all with exceptional accuracy.

Over the course of her career, she personally classified more than 350,000 stars, accounting for a mind-boggling 98% of all contemporary stellar spectra classifications, a feat that wouldn’t be bested until the 1990’s with automated digital sky surveys.

Cannon used these classifications to develop the Harvard spectral classification system (O–B–A–F–G–K–M), organizing stars by surface temperature and physical properties.

It is hard to overstate just how foundational her work was to modern astronomy and astrophysics. Her classifications have enabled more than a century of breakthroughs in stellar structure and evolution, including the understanding of how stars change over time and how temperature, luminosity, and composition are related. The system underpins the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram, one of the most important tools in astrophysics, and remains embedded in modern research, from stellar population studies to galaxy evolution.

She wasn’t the only woman human computer at Harvard at the time (there were about 80), though she stands out for her contribution and for having already had an education in physics and astronomy.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt was one of her coworkers. She also had progressive hearing loss due to illness and was also deaf when she started working at Harvard.

Here’s some more pictures.

Cannon and Leavitt

the human computers and their boss Pickering. May 1913

This is a form of backdoor bigotry from both normative facts (there are more straight than gay relationships) and well represented bigoted beliefs (men are superior to women).

It came from “diamoric”, which describes the non-straight, non-same-gender but intrinsically queer nature of relationships involving a nonbinary person (or multiple nonbinary people).

So like, a relationship between a girl and an agender person is diamoric and the agender person is the girl’s diamour!

Or, an androgyne and a genderfluid person dating are diamours!