[âPoverty is embarrassing, shame inducing. Misery (misère), the French sociologist Eugène Buret once remarked, âis poverty felt morally.â
You feel it in the degradation rituals of the welfare office, where you are made to wait half a day for a ten-minute appointment with a caseworker who seems annoyed you showed up. You feel it when you go home to an apartment with cracked windows and cupboards full of cockroaches, an infestation the landlord blames on you. You feel it in how effortlessly poor people are omitted from movies and television shows and popular music and childrenâs books, erasures reminding you of your own irrelevance to wider society. You may begin to believe, in the quieter moments, the lies told about you. You avoid public placesâparks, beaches, shopping districts, sporting arenasâknowing they werenât built for you.
Poverty might consume your life, but itâs rarely embraced as an identity. Itâs more socially acceptable today to disclose a mental illness than to tell someone youâre broke. When politicians propose antipoverty legislation, they say it will help âthe middle class.â When social movement organizers mobilize for higher wages or housing justice, they announce that they are fighting on behalf of âworking peopleâ or âfamiliesâ or âtenantsâ or âthe many.â When the poor take to the streets, itâs usually not under the banner of poverty. There is no flag for poor rights, after all.
Poverty is diminished life and personhood. It changes how you think and prevents you from realizing your full potential. It shrinks the mental energy you can dedicate to decisions, forcing you to focus on the latest stressorâan overdue gas bill, a lost jobâat the expense of everything else. When someone is shot dead, the children who live on that block perform much worse on cognitive tests in the days following the murder. The violence captures their minds. Time passes, and the effect fades until someone else is dropped.
Poverty can cause anyone to make decisions that look ill-advised and even downright stupid to those of us unbothered by scarcity. Have you ever sat in a hospital waiting room, watching the clock and praying for good news? You are there, locked on the present emergency, next to which all other concerns and responsibilities feel (and are) trivial. That experience is something like living in poverty. Behavioral scientists Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir call this âthe bandwidth tax.â âBeing poor,â they write, âreduces a personâs cognitive capacity more than going a full night without sleep.â When we are preoccupied by poverty, âwe have less mind to give to the rest of life.â Poverty does not just deprive people of security and comfort; it siphons off their brainpower, too.â]
matthew desmond, from poverty: by america, 2023