#hindi learning

Armenian - Hay Qajer (Հայ Քաջեր - brave Armenian)

patriotic Armenian song

 sung by Chechen lady Kheda Khamzatova

lyrics & translation here

Persian - Dokhtar qûchâni (دختر قوچانی - the girl of Qûchân)

traditional Persian song 

sung by Shahla Sarshar

lyrics and translation here 

Hindi - Yeh Ladka Hai Allah (ये लड़का हाय अल्लाह - Oh god, this girl)

shameless K3G classic

lyric here, translation here

Russian - Tri Sestrý (Три Сестры - Three Sisters)

song about Belarus, Ukraine and Russia composed after the fall of the USSR

sung by the Red Army Choir ( I think ), lyrics and translation in the video

Developed in the 8th century, the Devanagari Script is used as the writing system for many languages of the Indian Subcontinent, including Hindi, Nepali, Marathi, Rajasthani and Sanskrit. Devanagari is an abugida, meaning that vowel notation appears around consonant letters which are joined together by a horizontal line.

Consonants

क = k ख = kh ग = g घ = gh ङ = ṅ (ŋ;’ng’ in song) च = ch छ = chh ज = j झ = jh ञ = ñ (ɲ;n+y sound e.g. Spanish ñ) ट = ṭ (ʈ;‘t’ sound with tongue curled towards roof of mouth) ठ = ṭh ड = ḍ (ɖ;same as above with ‘d’ sound) ढ = ḍh ण = ṇ (ɳ;same as above with ‘n’ sound) त = t  थ = th (t+h not ‘th’ in three) द = d ध = dh न = n प = p फ = ph ब = b भ = bh म = m य = y र = r ल = l व = v~w श = sh ष = ṣ (ʂ;same as above with ‘sh’ sound) स = s  ह = h

extra letters which are used in Arabic and Persian loanwords include क़-q , ख़-kh [x], ग़-gh [ɣ], ज़-z, झ़-zh [ʒ], and फ़-f

Vowels

Vowels appear in two forms; the initial form, which is mostly used at the beginning of words, and the diacritic form which is used after consonants - demonstrated below with क (k)

अ = [ə] (’a’ in ago) - क = kə (usually transliterated as ‘a’)

आ = ā - का = kā

इ = i - कि = ki

ई = ī - की = kī 

उ = u - कु = ku

ऊ = ū - कू = kū

ए = [e] (’a’ in play) - के = ke

ऐ = [ɛ] (’e’ in bed) - कै = kɛ (usually transliterated as ‘ai’)

ओ = o - को = ko

औ = [ɔː] (’ough’ in thought) - कौ = kɔː (usually transliterated as ‘au’)

ं (e.g अं) represents a nasal sound, usually before a consonant ँ (e.g अँ) represents a nasalised vowel ः (e.g. अः) represents a ‘h’ sound after a vowel  ् cancels out the inherent ‘ə’; क = kə but क् = k

Conjuncts

Conjucts are characters which are the combination of 2 (or more) consonant letters which aren’t separated by vowels e.g. त(t) + व(v) = त्व(tvə). They are a nightmare too complex and varying to explain but you can find a full chart of conjuncts here. Some common ones are below:

Since the majority of the languages I am learning are ones from the Indo-European language family, I have listed some words in French, Italian, Russian, Persian and Hindi which are either closely or distantly related to each  other. 

-The words are in the order in which their respective languages appear above in bold; ---- means the language doesn’t have a related term-

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