#gaseous

The atmospheric plasma surrounding Earth is nothing more than an electrically charged gas that, in general, exhibits fluid properties. Fluids, whether gases or liquids, are governed by the same laws of physics. The famous Navier-Stokes equation classically addresses everything related to fluid dynamics. However, solving this equation in expanded coordinates remains a challenging physical and mathematical problem.

The dynamics of gases can be understood in two ways: through statistical mechanics and random probability, or by treating them as liquids. Plasma, an electrically charged gas, is subject to a mixture of forces. The most important of these are the electric Coulomb force and the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid force. But herein lies a surprise. approximately 80% of plasma behavior can be simplified by applying the equations of fluid dynamics.

Indeed, any course on plasma science begins by a description of single particles motion under force fields, then by applying fluid equations, discussing topics such as transport, diffusion, and a simplified description of the (MHD) fluids before delving into probability distributions and statistical mechanics kinetics, which might even be omitted from early plasma physics courses. But plasma, being an electrically charged gas, can be difficult to control at the atmospheric pressure. So, what if we tried to convert it into a liquid, for example? Would it lose its electrical and magnetic properties?

Georges Claude - Was a French engineer and inventor who died in 1960. He was nicknamed the "Edison of France" and was active in the neon lighting industry where he conducted extensive research in the field of air liquefaction. He perfected an air liquefaction system that bears his name and subsequently founded one of the world's largest companies specializing in the liquefaction of gases such as nitrogen, argon, and oxygen.

As for the inert neon gas, discovered when scientists managed to capture trace amounts of it from the Earth's atmosphere, Claude used it in attractive neon plasma diffusers for various industrial and advertising purposes. However, Claude clearly stated that the use of neon gas in these luminous plasma diffusers would not have been possible without his efforts in first purifying the gas extracted from the atmosphere and then selecting suitable materials for the neon lamp electrodes that would not be affected by the surrounding plasma.

Currently, and in every plasma physics laboratory worldwide, a fundamental component of any plasma gas diffuser is the cylinder of liquefied gas. Controlling the gas by liquefying it and storing it in specially designed cylinders, then converting it back to gas so that energy can be applied to it in various plasma sources, is the procedure followed for generating plasma in the laboratory.

After conducting numerous experiments and diagnostic procedures on the plasma using various methods and tools, the plasma source can be switched off by stopping the supply gas, or by stopping the power source. Alternatively, if the plasma source is not designed to contain it effectively, the charged plasma particles in their gaseous state will collide with the inner wall of the source and revert back to neutral gas atoms state, i.e., without any electrical charge.

Why don't we study the pioneering research of Georges Claude in the field of liquefying atmospheric gases to neutralize the electrical charges of the plasma surrounding the Earth by converting it back into a neutral gas? This is an excellent scientific idea.

Video: Timelapse reframed and filmed from the ISS showing Earth's atmosphere at night, featuring aurora, airglow, and an orbital sunrise as the station passes over the planet.

DOM-Outrigger is a very cool map set on a gaseous planet with a psychedelic and pretty sky!

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