Jan 23, 2025
via: Merriam-Webster Dictionary
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via: Merriam-Webster Dictionary
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A friend asked me for a list of Latin words and phrases for very beginner conversation, so I thought I'd share it here. (Aka how to start speaking Latin when you only know one tense, two declensions and a bunch of words for war)
General words and phrases:
ave (hello)
vale/valēte (hello, goodbye, be well [singular/plural])
nōn (no, not)
sic (yes, thus)
-ne (add to the end of the first word of a question)
valēsne? (are you well? [singular])
valeō (I am well)
estne bonum? (is it good?)
bonum est (it's good)
quid est hōc? (what is this?)
id est _____ (it is _____)
nomen meum est ______ (my name is ______)
quot habēs annōs? (how many years old are you?)
annōs ______ habeō (I am ______ years old)
Verbs:
habēre (have/possess, 2nd conjugation)
vidēre (see, 2nd conjugation)
audīre (hear, 4th conjugation)
valēre (be well, 2nd conjugation)
Nouns:
liber, libri (book, 2nd declension)
mensa, -ae (table)
stilus, -i (pen)
verbum, -i (word)
Adjectives:
bonus, -a, -um (good)
magnus, -a, -um (big)
parvus, -a, -um (little)
Adverbs:
bene (well)
male (badly)
valdē (much, greatly, a lot)
latīne (in Latin)
anglice (in English)
𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐥
uh-NEEL
1. To set on fire, kindle, inflame, lit. and fig.
2. To subject to the action of fire; to alter in any way with heat; as, to ‘fire’ or bake earthenware, fure ores, vitrify or glaze a surface
3. To burn in colours upon glass, earthenware, or metal, to enamel by encaustic process. arch.
4. a. To toughen anything, made brittle from the action of fire, by exposure to continuous and slowly diminished heat, or by other equivalent process
b. loosely, To cool down from a great heat
c. transf. Applied to the action of frost. rare.
5. fig. To toughen, temper
6. Microbiology. To combine to form double-stranded nucleic acid
words to describe characters' body types
thin: slender, lithe, willowy, spindly
thin and short: slight, petite
thin and tall: spidery, lanky
thin and muscular: sinewy, lean, wiry
extremely thin (sickly): gaunt, emaciated
round: rotund, portly
round and short: stout
large and muscular: stocky, burly, broad
some slightly weird vocab for your thursday (or friday jst)
nouns:
鬼子（おにご） = wild child, badly-behaved child; child which does not resemble its parents, changeling
心境（しんきょう） = mental state, state of mind
言霊（ことだま） = mystical power inherent in words, spirit of language
上目（うわめ）遣い（づかい） = looking up at someone (with upturned eyes), glancing upwards
駆け引き（かけひき） = tactics, strategy, maneuvering
verbs:
すがる = to cling to, hang onto; to rely on, depend on
キメる = to dress to kill, dress to the nines
盗み見る（ぬすみみる） = to steal a glance at, look furtively at
うねる = to wind (e.g., road, river, etc.), to meander; to surge, swell, roll
adjectives:
アリな = alright, acceptable, passable
過保護（かほご）な = overprotective, excessive care
adverbs/onomatopoeiae:
いずれ = in due course, eventually, one of these days
ただでさえ = even at the best of times, under normal circumstances, as it is
十中八九（じっちゅうはっく） = in eight or nine cases out of ten, in all probability
expressions:
取り付く（とりつく）島（しま）もない = left utterly helpless, having no one to turn to
〜一方（いっぽう） = keep on being ~, continuously doing ~
けしからん = outrageous, scandalous, disgraceful
虫（むし）の知らせ（しらせ） = feeling in one's bones, foreboding, premonition, gut instinct
他人（たにん）の空似（そらに） = accidental resemblance (to someone else)
それはそれで = in that case, if that's the case
世話（せわ）が焼ける（やける） = to require the care of others, need to be looked after, be a nuisance
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Rare English Words
Epoch -- a particular period of time in history or a person’s life
Intransigent -- refusing to agree or compromise
Beamish -- bright, cheerful, optimistic
Insouciant -- free from worry, concern, or anxiety
Veridical -- truthful
Effulgent -- shining forth brilliantly; radiant
Venetus -- having the color of the deep blue sea
Orphic -- mysterious and entrancing; beyond ordinary understanding
Eldritch -- eerie; weird; spooky
Esoteric -- intended for or likely to be understood by only a select few; private; secret
Rout -- to howl as the wind; make a roaring noise
Aeonian -- eternal; everlasting
Verendus -- to be feared; worthy of reverence; giving an appearance of aged goodness
Politics vocabulary in Japanese
政治 [せいじ] - politics 政治的 [せいじてき] - political 政治家 [せいじか] - politician 国家 [こっか] - state 社会 [しゃかい] - society 政府 [せいふ] - government 政策 [せいさく] - policy 権力 [けんりょく] - (political) power, authority 政敵 [せいてき] - political opponent 議会 [ぎかい] - parliament 国会 [こっかい] - National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan 衆議院 [しゅうぎいん] - House of Representatives (lower house) 参議院 [さんぎいん] - House of Councillors (upper house) 内閣 [ないかく] - cabinet 行政 [ぎょうせい] - administration, executive branch 立法 [りっぽう] - legislation, lawmaking 司法 [しほう] - judiciary 官僚 [かんりょう] - bureaucrat, government official 官僚制 [かんりょうせい] - bureaucracy 党 [とう] - political party 与党 [よとう] - ruling party 野党 [やとう] - opposition 民主主義 [みんしゅしゅぎ] - democracy 共和政 [きょうわせい] - republic 君主制 [くんしゅせい] - monarchy 独裁政治 [どくさいせいじ] - dictatorship 帝国 [ていこく] - empire 植民地 [しょくみんち] - colony 植民地主義 [しょくみんちしゅぎ] - colonialism 自由主義 [じゆうしゅぎ] - liberalism 保守主義 [ほしゅしゅぎ] - conservatism 社会主義 [しゃかいしゅぎ] - socialism 共産主義 [きょうさんしゅぎ] - communism 資本主義 [しほんしゅぎ] - capitalism 権威主義 [けんいしゅぎ] - authoritarianism 全体主義 [ぜんたいしゅぎ] - totalitarianism ナショナリズム - nationalism 愛国主義 [あいこくしゅぎ] - patriotism ファシズム - fascism 左派 [さは] - left wing 右派 [うは] - right wing 大統領 [だいとうりょう] - president 首相 [しゅしょう] - prime minister 内閣総理大臣 [ないかくそうりだいじん] - Prime Minister of Japan 大臣 [だいじん] - minister 議員 [ぎいん] - legislator, member of parliament 議長 [ぎちょう] - chairperson, speaker 皇帝 [こうてい] - emperor 天皇 [てんのう] - Emperor of Japan 大使 [たいし] - ambassador 活動家 [かつどうか] - activist 候補者 [こうほしゃ] - candidate 有権者 [ゆうけんしゃ] - eligible voter 選挙権 [せんきょけん] - right to vote 選挙 [せんきょ] - election 選挙運動 [せんきょうんどう] - election campaign 公約 [こうやく] - campaign pledge 討論会 [とうろんかい] - debate 投票 [とうひょう] - voting 開票 [かいひょう] - vote counting 得票 [とくひょう] - votes received 議席 [ぎせき] - parliamentary seat 当選 [とうせん] - election victory 落選 [らくせん] - electoral defeat 棄権 [きけん] - abstention 国民投票 [こくみんとうひょう] - referendum 憲法 [けんぽう] - constitution 法 [ほう] - law, legal principle 法律 [ほうりつ] - law, statute, act 法案 [ほうあん] - bill (proposed legislation) 可決 [かけつ] - passage (of a bill) 否決 [ひけつ] - rejection (of a bill) 権利 [けんり] - right 人権 [じんけん] - human rights 義務 [ぎむ] - duty, obligation 裁判所 [さいばんしょ] - court 犯罪 [はんざい] - crime 処罰 [しょばつ] - punishment 逮捕 [たいほ] - arrest 違法 [いほう] - illegal 合法 [ごうほう] - legal 有罪 [ゆうざい] - guilty 無罪 [むざい] - not guilty 死刑 [しけい] - capital punishment 市民 [しみん] - citizen 移民 [いみん] - immigrant 表現の自由 [ひょうげんのじゆう] - freedom of expression 差別 [さべつ] - discrimination 人種差別 [じんしゅさべつ] - racial discrimination レイシズム - racism ホモフォビア - homophobia 奴隷制 [どれいせい] - slavery 検閲 [けんえつ] - censorship 財政 [ざいせい] - public finance 税金 [ぜいきん] - taxes 増税 [ぞうぜい] - tax increase 減税 [げんぜい] - tax cut 予算 [よさん] - budget 国債 [こくさい] - national debt, government bond 福祉 [ふくし] - welfare 医療 [いりょう] - healthcare 教育 [きょういく] - education 失業 [しつぎょう] - unemployment 貧困 [ひんこん] - poverty 気候変動 [きこうへんどう] - climate change 抗議 [こうぎ] - protest デモ（デモンストレーション）- demonstration 集会 [しゅうかい] - rally, assembly 請願 [せいがん] - petition ロビー活動 [ロビーかつどう] - lobbying 世論 [よろん] - public opinion 世論調査 [よろんちょうさ] - opinion poll 革命 [かくめい] - revolution ストライキ - strike ボイコット - boycott テロリズム - terrorism 汚職 [おしょく] - corruption 暴力 [ぼうりょく] - violence 拷問 [ごうもん] - torture 国際政治 [こくさいせいじ] - international politics 外交 [がいこう] - diplomacy 外交政策 [がいこうせいさく] - foreign policy 対外援助 [たいがいえんじょ] – foreign aid 条約 [じょうやく] - treaty 制裁 [せいさい] - sanctions 国境 [こっきょう] - border 領土 [りょうど] - territory 主権 [しゅけん] - sovereignty 大使館 [たいしかん] - embassy 平和維持 [へいわいじ] - peacekeeping 警察 [けいさつ] - police 軍隊 [ぐんたい] - armed forces, military, troops 統治する [とうちする] - to govern, to rule (a state) 治める [おさめる] - to rule, to govern, to reign over 制定する [せいていする] - to enact (a law, constitution) 可決する [かけつする] - to pass (a bill) 否決する [ひけつする] - to reject; to vote down (a bill) 投票する [とうひょうする] - to vote 選ぶ [えらぶ] - to choose, to select 立候補する [りっこうほする] - to run for office, to stand as a candidate 当選する [とうせんする] - to be elected 落選する [らくせんする] - to lose an election 抗議する [こうぎする] - to protest 支持する [しじする] - to support, to back (a candidate, party, policy) 反対する [はんたいする] - to oppose