How To Write Diverse Characters! (And Avoid Tokenism)
Yeah, you know you can't just make all your characters white men anymore (well, you probably can but you shouldn't.) But how do you add diversity into a story without it being the dreaded Tokenism? Well...
Tokenism in a story is basically when the author looks at their white canvas, wants to put a dot of color in there, literally puts one single dot of black, and calls it a win.
Aside from that metaphor, expect:
Characters we are meant to either dislike or just plain not care about are the minorities.
Plot Irrelevant. The author made the barista Ida Davis and gave her braids! Wow, all the protagonists, secondary characters, and antagonists are still white.
Decorative. The protagonist might be black, or Hispanic, or whatever. It doesn't really change the story. They'll probably be whitewashed. It's added to make the story more profitable since "Wow, representation!" without having to actually make a minority. They're so decorative, often fandoms can even forget what minority they're actually a part of.
So, yeah, most people really don't like when it feels like their representation was kinda just thrown into the ocean and that they're meant to clap because the author was so "brave" and they even added one black classmate in their slice-of-life.
B. What to Do: Some Quick Steps
Make at least two of your main/secondary characters a minority and add a lot more diversity in minor roles.
Why? It removes the token "special minority" aspect from them and lessens the load of having to have one "good" character be the torch holder - now they're not just "the diabetic character' or 'the black character'. Bonus Points: make sure multiples of each minority exist so that way if you write a feminine gay male character or a submissive Asian character, having the opposite of that character forces a dynamism to that race/disability/gender/sexuality portrayal. (BE WARY!)
Actually, keep in mind that character's race/disability/sexuality, whatever! when you are writing that character.
Don't write a scene where your woman character is like "I've never even seen blood before!" or your black character "quickly washes their hair, brushes it out, and ties it up in a quick bun before running after the bus".
There are a surprising number of people who forget that having a black character is not like a cosmetic thing but also impacts EVERYTHING. You can't just take your white, blonde girl named Cindy that goes to a private school and paint her brown. I've literally seen people write out "I brushed my platinum blonde hair out of my face as I look up and see James" or say that their parents are pale and not realize that their protag. is literally black.
This is especially true with disabled characters. Please, for the love of God, don't write your diabetic characters saying that they need their insulin shot after saying they're hypoglycemic. No, that's stupid. Or that they need their insulin "urgently" after eating a candy bar. No, people can sit with high blood sugars for a while, otherwise my mom would die after eating her 90% daily allotment of added sugars in her tea every day.
Make the place accessible, or choose a different disability
Imagine throwing a character that uses a wheelchair due to Mysterious Paralysis into Hogwarts.
If you want to write a character into an either already existing world or just from your own world, you need to think about if they can even get in it at all. It's not that hard just look up "accessibility devices in hospitals/houses/schools/work" and whatever in order to just write "the metallic bars in the hallway shimmer underneath glow of what feels like a hundred lights"
If it's just impossible to do so, just choose a different disability. There are some cases where trying to fit a disability and chopping it up in order to fit the rectangle into the circle is more harmful than finding a circular shape.
Non-Disability Related: Obviously there are a lot of professions (like OBGYNs) and environments (such as prison or some private schools) that are going to be focused on, like, all-one gender or mostly one gender establishments. In that case, try to incorporate diversity in secondary roles, like the protagonist's wife is planning to break her husband out of prison because she hates being a single mom or the OBGYN is welcoming in a new male nurse.
Just ask someone, someone of that minority, and then ask someone else (maybe even ask a third person). If one person has a problem with it and the other person(s) don't, think about it. If all of them say that it's a problem, change it up.
(WARNING: You're an individual writing your own individual story. It is physically impossible for me to write the one stop shop for all stories in this one post. Get a bunch of advice from other people too and don't get offended that my advice didn't include your super specific issue in it.}