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& honestly there's no debate to be had the zendaya earrings are orders of magnitude worse than kim kardashian wearing that marilyn dress. yes that piece was a one of a kind unique textile made so specifically for marilyn monroe she had to be sewn into it. at the end of the day it was a ~70 year old usamerican cultural artefact being repurposed by an american for an american cultural event and everyone involved knows exactly where the dress came from + what happened to it + where it went afterwards. zendaya is wearing the looted (or forged) cultural heritage of a people her government is currently bombing & whose lives they have been deliberately making unliveable for decades to a movie premiere that has fuck all to do with iran. we don't know where those discs came from where they were found or by whom & we never will. AND the jeweller appears to have altered them substantially from their original condition. destroying a people's cultural heritage at the same time you destroy their country + their lives so you can look good on a red carpet One Time i want to fucking hurl
& honestly there's no debate to be had the zendaya earrings are orders of magnitude worse than kim kardashian wearing that marilyn dress. yes that piece was a one of a kind unique textile made so specifically for marilyn monroe she had to be sewn into it. at the end of the day it was a ~70 year old usamerican cultural artefact being repurposed by an american for an american cultural event and everyone involved knows exactly where the dress came from + what happened to it + where it went afterwards. zendaya is wearing the looted (or forged) cultural heritage of a people her government is currently bombing & whose lives they have been deliberately making unliveable for decades to a movie premiere that has fuck all to do with iran. we don't know where those discs came from where they were found or by whom & we never will. AND the jeweller appears to have altered them substantially from their original condition. destroying a people's cultural heritage at the same time you destroy their country + their lives so you can look good on a red carpet One Time i want to fucking hurl
If the system ain't broke, don't fix it, I guess! Accounting may not be the oldest profession, but someone had to keep the books for them.
I mean, in theory I know that Excel is based on the structure of earlier accounting technology that's been around for hundreds of years -- what do we think we did to track commerce before computers? -- but it still kind of blows my mind to, for example, look at my ancestor's journal from a whaling voyage in 1770 and see spreadsheets in the back.
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people are always slandering historians for saying reasonable things like "some things that seem romantic to us were platonic in the context of the times", when there's so many evil historians you actually have to look out for. number 1 : the closet royalist
Greek homosexual activity, despite popular misconceptions, was not restricted to man-boy pairs. Vase-painting shows numerous scenes where there is little or no apparent difference in age between the young wooer and his object of courtship as well as graphic scenes of sexual experimentation between youths. Early poets such as Theognis (1.41, 1.65) and Pindar (1.86) make it clear that youths were attracted to and slept with other youths of the same age. Plato tells us that the young Charmides’ beauty provoked the admiration and love of everyone present, even the youngest boys (5.4.154). In the Phaedrus, Socrates quotes the proverb “youth delights youth” to imply that young men would prefer companions of their own age to older lovers (5.9.240). Xenophon shows Critobulus in love with Cleinias, a youth of the same age or perhaps even a bit older (5.8.4.23). Timarchus’ lover, Misgolas, appears to be the same age (4.7.49). In the Hellenistic period Meleager attests that boys were attractive to boys (6.40), and Quintilian worries about older boys corrupting younger boys in Roman schools (9.34).
Homosexuality In Greece And Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents, edited by Thomas K. Hubbard
Sources referenced below the cut:
Theogonis 1.41
In youth you can sleep the night through with a friend,*
Unloading the desire for lusty action,
And you can go wooing and sing to a flute-girl’s tune—
No other thing is more thrilling than these
For men and women. What are wealth and honor to me?
Pleasure conquers all—and merrily.
Mindless men and fools weep for the dying
Instead of the blossom of youth that’s falling.
*The Greek makes it clear that the friend is an age-equal.
Theogonis 1.65
Boy, since the goddess Cypris gave you a lusty
Grace, and your beauty’s every boy’s concern,*
Listen to these words and for my sake take them to heart—
Knowing how hard it is for a man to bear desire.
*In other words, Cyrnus’ beauty arouses desire even among boys his own age.
Pindar 1.86
When Ephyrean¹ choristers pour out
My sweet voice around the Peneius,²
I expect by my songs to make the crowned Hippocleas
Still more splendid to look upon to both his age-mates and older men,
And a heartthrob for young maids. For
Different loves tickle the fancies of different folks.
Whatever each man reaches for,
If he wins it, let him hold as his desire an ambition near at hand;
Things a year in the future are impossible to foreknow.³
I have relied on the kind hospitality of Thorax, who, bustling about for my sake,
Yoked this four-horse chariot of the Muses,⁴
Favoring one who favors him, giving willing guidance to one who guides him.
To one who tests it, gold is revealed on the touchstone—
So too an upright mind.⁵
¹Ephyre was an ancient name of the Thessalian city of Krannon.
²The main river of Thessaly.
³The poet appears to be exhorting the boy not to be tempted by the other erotic opportunities that may be presented to him in his newly acquired glory, but to stick with his present good, namely Thorax.
⁴This expression is probably a metaphor for commissioning the present poem.
⁵In other words, Thorax’ virtue and devotion are proven by commissioning this poem (putting his gold to the test).
Plato 5.4.154
[...] You mustn’t judge by me, my friend. I’m a broken yardstick as far as handsome people are concerned, because practically everyone of that age strikes me as beautiful. But even so, at the moment Charmides came in he seemed to me to be amazing in stature and appearance, and everyone there looked to me to be in love with him, they were so astonished and confused by his entrance, and many other lovers followed in his train. That men of my age should have been affected this way was natural enough, but I noticed that even the small boys fixed their eyes upon him and no one of them, not even the littlest, looked at anyone else, but all gazed at him as if he were a statue. And Chaerephon called to me and said, “Well, Socrates, what do you think of the young man? Hasn’t he a splendid face?”
Plato 5.9.240
[...] But besides being harmful to his boyfriend, a lover is simply disgusting to spend the day with. ‘Youth delights youth,’ as the old proverb runs—because, I suppose, friendship grows from similarity, as boys of the same age go after the same pleasures. But you can even have too much of people your own age.
Xenophon 5.8.4.23
Hermogenes said, “Socrates, I do not consider it appropriate for you to overlook the fact that Critobulus has been so driven out of his senses by love.”
“Do you think,” said Socrates, “that he has been in this condition ever since he associated with me?”
“If not, since when?”
“Do you not see that the soft hair has recently crept alongside this one’s ears, while it already climbs from Cleinias’ chin towards the back.* Critobulus here was mightily inflamed before, when he went to the same school as Cleinias, [...]
*This suggests that Critobulus and Cleinias were both adolescents: if anything, Cleinias may have actually been a bit older. However, the interpretation of the Greek is disputed: others take the reference to be to hair on the nape of Cleinias’ neck. And 2.3 tells us that Critobulus is already married! Perhaps Critobulus is exaggerating his youthful appearance to imagine him-self as more like his beloved.
Aeschines 4.7.49
I want to say something else in advance, in case Misgolas obeys the laws and your authority. There are men who by their nature differ from others in their physical appearance as far as age is concerned. There are some men who though young appear mature and older, while others though old when one counts the years seem positively young. Misgolas is one of these. He is in fact a contemporary of mine and was an ephebe¹ with me; we are both in our forty-fifth year. And I myself have all these grey hairs that you see, but he doesn’t. Why do I give this advance warning? So that when you suddenly see him you will not be surprised and mentally respond: “Heracles! He is not much older than Timarchus!”² For it is a fact both that his appearance is naturally like this and that Timarchus was already a youth when Misgolas had relations with him. . . .
¹This refers to mandatory military service between the ages of eighteen and twenty.
²In fact, Timarchus seems also to be at least 45 at the time of this speech, judging from his service on the Council in 361 (mentioned in section 109); one had to be at least 30 to serve. Aeschines is apparently attempting to confuse the jurors and make Timarchus seem younger than Misgolas, whereas they were in fact the same age. Some commentators suspect textual corruption and think Aeschines and Misgolas were 54 rather than 45.
Meleager 6.40
Delicate Diodorus, casting a flame upon his young age-mates,
Has been caught by the flirtatious eyes of Timarion,*
And retains the sweet-bitter weapon of Eros. Truly, in this I see
A new wonder. Fire blazes bright burned by fire.
*A female courtesan.
Quintilian 9.34
I do not approve of younger and older boys sitting together in a classroom. For even if such a man as one would want is set over their studies and character and can keep the young modest, the weak should still be separated from the stronger, and not only the charge of moral turpitude, but even the suspicion of it should be avoided. I have considered that these matters should be briefly noted. That the teacher himself and his school be free from the worst vices I think hardly even needs to be said. And if there is anyone who in selecting a teacher does not avoid obvious moral misconduct, let him know that if this factor has been overlooked, everything else we try to devise for the benefit of the young is utterly futile.
Controversial Truths About Ancient Egypt Masterpost
The pyramids were built by contemporary workers who received wages and were fed and taken care of during construction
The Dendera “lightbulb” is a representation of the creation myth and has nothing to do with electricity
We didn’t find “““copper wiring””” in the great pyramid either
Hatshepsut wasn’t transgender
The gods didn’t actually have animal heads
Hieroglyphs aren’t mysteriously magical; they’re just a language (seriously we have shopping lists and work rosters and even ancient erotica)
The ancient Egyptian ethnicity wasn’t homogeneous
Noses (and ears, and arms) broke off statues and reliefs for a variety of reasons, none of which are “there is a widespread archaeological conspiracy to hide the Egyptian ethnicity”
The carvings at Abydos aren’t modern machines but recarvings over old carvings. Sure they look like them but if you can read hieroglyphs and know that Ramesses II will even usurp the carvings of his own father just to be a little shit
‘No soot on the ceilings and walls of the Dendera temple!’ is actually because of extensive restoration works and not because Egyptians were in on shit like Baghdad “batteries”
While the Egyptians were fine-ass astronomers they didn’t align any of their enormous and/or important buildings to modern star constellations, because constellations look very different now than they did ~5000 years ago
The pyramid is the simplest, sturdiest shape with which to build and many different cultures discovered this in their own time. There were never any weird fish humans/aliens involved
I can’t believe I forgot my favourite Hill to Die On
Seth was not the god of “evil”, and despite his chaos providing a foil to order, he wasn’t completely villified until very late in Egyptian history, when he became associated with despised foreign enemies
Hats off to the few of you who’re reblogging this with tags saying you’re going to check my claims later. You make me not entirely despair of this hellhole.
Here are some vetted Egyptological books/sources (that are by and large appropriate for a lay-audience) you can find most, if not all of the above:
Lehner, M., The Complete Pyramids
Wilkinson, R. H., The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt
Hornung, E., The One and the Many: Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt
Dunand, F. & Zivie-Coche, C., Gods and Men in Egypt
Kemp, B., Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization
Bard, K., An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
Stevenson Smith, W., The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt
Kitchen, K. A., The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt
Sweeney, D., Sex and Gender (in Ancient Egypt)
McDowell, A. G., Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs
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Patroklos as the personal therapōn of Achilles is thereby also the nearest and dearest of all the companions of Achilles. This closeness is measured in terms of the word philos in the sense of being ‘near and dear’ to someone. Achilles considers Patroklos to be the most philos ‘near and dear’ of them all.
you all understand this is not an "allosexual problem" or a "straight person problem" right. because marriage in this context is essentially a strategic decision that has very little to do with your actual desires. it's not "oedipus couldn't keep it in his pants" it's "if he married jocasta he got to be king." it's a political decision in a world where women are essentially property of the men they're attached to. sexual attraction does not enter into the equation. nor does romance as we understand it.
which is also what makes it so interesting that he doesn't just avoid marriage entirely. the implication is essentially that the social status conveyed by marriage to jocasta is worth the risk that she's his mother.
"hephaistion made this" in a beautiful trompe-l'oeil piece of paper half unstuck by the wind still some of the rawest stuff ever put in a mosaic (2nd century bc, pergamon)
sure -- basically, i think that by taking the bloodsoaked gritty cartoonish machismo of the early 2000s AAA video game and interpolating it into the setting of greek mythology, god of war was engaging with the greek ideas of masculinity, heroism, and violence that greek myths themselves are very caught up in. now, i'm not sure i can say that engagement was particularly deep or trenchant, but it was an engagement -- a lot of self-proclaimed 'feminist' or 'queer' retellings of greek mythology instead (imo) seek to pointblank refuse to engage with ancient greek ideas about gender or sexuality and instead simply ctrl+f and replace them with modern-day liberal queer-positive feminism. and to be clear this is a criticism of a trend i've noticed in self-proclaimed 'feminist retellings', not me asserting it is impossible to fruitfully and interestingly engage with the substance of greek mythology from a feminist perspectives obvsies
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While I respect OP's right to block any interaction they want with their post, I will reiterate here: do not make the mistake of framing the assassins of Caesar as somehow Brilliant Protectors of Democracy.
Rome was not a free democracy in any way that we'd recognize as such. Their system was overwhelmingly rigged to maintain the power of the wealthy (yes I mean worse than this one, yes no I really do in fact mean that, however bad you think now is increase by like the power of ten), and had begun to break down into mob violence and populism well before Caesar was even a twinkle in his mother's eyes, and had already gone through more than one period of mass political violence and murder including violent purges and executions at the whim of a military dictator (ahhhh, Sulla).
The Senate was NOT elected by the people of Rome, and this is a very deep misunderstanding of how the Senate worked. They were INTENSELY wealthy landholders, started out as only patricians (inherited nobility, for the sake of brevity) and only later admitted EXTREMELY WEALTHY plebian families, and they were appointed by consuls. For life.
Technically, consuls were elected. Technically. But the voting in the Centuriate Assembly was by weighted voting BLOCS and it was done in an open vote - aka everyone knew who you were voting for - and the weight was OVERWHELMINGLY weighted towards the elite. Who were usually….. either from senatorial families….or aligned to them.
The Roman Senate was NEVER an elected body and it was NEVER a democratic government. It was ALWAYS a body built up of the richest and most powerful men from the richest and most powerful families of Rome, the ranks from whom the kings had been pulled before that office was ended, and their concern for "equality" was that of making sure that no other person of this rank could be above any others.
This was a group of oligarchs who were REALLY MAD that another of their number had successfully bypassed THEIR stranglehold on power via ruthless and clever manipulation of the unlanded masses of the actual City of Rome and most importantly of the Army, and become more powerful than they were, threatening their hold on the system and their claim on tradition, stabbing the heck out of him.
A couple generations previously they’d also freaked out, broken up their benches, attacked the guy who was at the head of a land reform movement that would have given farms back to the landless instead of letting it be bought up to add to the huge slave worked estates of the Senate and Equestrians, and beat him to death and threw him into the Tiber.
Don’t get me wrong: Gaius Julius Caesae was trash and his nephew was HORRIFYINGLY cold bloodedly ruthless in his subsequent quest for absolute power.
But the Senate were also trash and IF Rome had ever even briefly managed to truly serve even all its own native born people rather than being merely a brutal oligarchy rather than brutal monarchy, it was WELL over by the time Caesar got used as a pincushion.
And this is important because the use of the sanitized and tidied up version of Rome as a propaganda/cultural ideal was deliberate and specific and is also a favourite of certain flavours of the extreme right wing (Mussolini was big on the Roman Senate, actually).
If you want to draw any lesson from the Ides of March, it's that a system built substantially on political violence against opponents, based on their ability to inspire the loyalty of the masses within a population point based on the desperation of said masses to actually eat and have shelter (which is what Caesar was very good at offering, because he was rich as fuck), hinging on the loyalty of a military that saw itself as tied to its generals rather than its society, is always gonna end in a bloodbath of murder and a subsequent horrifying civil war and unrest, and we really shouldn't aspire to copy that at all.
…. that said I feel like I should additionally note that I’m 100% going to be Ides of March shitposting because let me be EXTREMELY CLEAR Gaius Julius Caesar was also horrible, all of it was horrible, and at this point two thousand years later I get to just find it funny that a bunch of shitty selfish oligarchs stabbed the shit out of another shitty selfish oligarch who was apparently deeply shocked that anyone would DARE, and then they went out and expected the rather desperate masses whom the other oligarch had been blatantly buying over with food to be delighted by their actions Because Something Something Tradition and Tyranny and basically made the dead oligarch’s heir so dedicated to making sure nobody could EVER, EVERY MURDER HIM that he functionally eradicated the traditional power structures of Rome, made an outfit out of their metaphorical skins, and guaranteed that Rome would be a militarily empowered monarchy for the rest of its existence.
I hope there’s an afterlife so that whoever made this pot 2,000 years ago can brag that their cookware is so good it’s still usable literally millennia later. Something about this object being lost for centuries and then rediscovered, and being put (successfully) to its original purpose again is so pleasing to me.
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