☠ CEE SAW ☠

Women have always been at the forefront of literature, the first novel (what we would consider a novel in modern terms) was written by a woman (Lady Muraskai’s the Tale of Genji in the early 1000s) take your snide “Isaac Asimov” reblogs and stick it

even in terms of male scifi authors, asimov was predated by Jules Verne, HG Wells, George Orwell, you could have even cited Poe or Jonathan Swift has a case but Asimov?

Tarantino’s “favorite editor” was Sally JoAnne Menke who edited all of Tarantino’s films until she died.

Because naming and credit is important, especially when you’re talking about women not getting credit and recognition of their work as named individuals.

If you want to know more about women in early filmmaking (emphasis American) and the sociology of how different roles were divided, gendered, and re-gendered in the first decades, I highly recommend Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood by Karen Ward Mahar.  

Joe Joe Bowen, born 1946, in prison since 1971

Veronza Bowers, born 1946, in prison since 1973

Sundiata Acoli, born 1937, in prison since 1969

Chip Fitzgerald, born 1949, in prison since 1970, denied parole 17 times.

Fred Burton, born 1946, in prison since 1970

Mumia Abu-Jamal, born 1954, in prison since 1982

Ruchell Magee, born 1939, in prison since 1963,

Ronald Reed, born 1950, in prison since 1970,

Jamil Al-Amin, born 1943, in and out of prison from the 1970s to the 1990s on a series of suspicious charges, currently incarcerated

Rev. Joy Powell, born 1962, in prison since 2006, eligible for parole in 2045

Freddie Hilton, born 1953, in prison since 2002

Robert Hayes, born 1948, in prison since 1973

Tony Hawk lands a 900 at age 48!

This is my “Grow Like a Vine” Spread

If you’re like me, you want to learn everything and have all skills and try to pursue all things at once. I made this spread to help focus in on just one skill or trait to develop at a time. The idea is that when you have a baby plant, it requires more care and attention to survive and grows very quickly when it is well cared for. Once it’s fairly strong, then it’s time to let it grow at its own steady pace along with all the other things you’re working on and move on to the next until your garden of skills is happily and peacefully growing.

1. What skill/trait should you focus on? This is your seedling.

2. How should you approach this? Do I plant from seed? Do I take a cutting and propagate? Is there a class I can take? Should I make a schedule and work on this for ten minutes a day? Is it a more passive trait that I need to work on through metacognition all day?

3. What do you need to set yourself up for success? Plants need to be set up in the right conditions to thrive. They need to be placed where they get the right amount of sunlight and the right humidity. They need the right soil. What conditions do you need to set for yourself to thrive?

4. What is the outcome/what will this help you reach? I won’t call this the “end result” because your vine should keep growing and reach further and further. What does this skill/trait help you reach if you nurture it?

Learn to defend against a bigot grabbing your hijab from behind!

In this post-election hate-crime spike, self defense is more important than ever. Practice this move until it becomes muscle memory and teach your body to react before thinking.

Also please note the position of her arm on his. It’s not on the elbow but just above it. That is will be important for the submission. The grip on her hand is important as well. It looks like she is using a monkey grip where the thumb stays with the fingers of the hand instead of wrapping around. It protects your thumb from being broken and can be a stronger grip in general.

Fêtes galantes / Paul Verlaine ; illustrations de George Barbier, 1928.

Typ 915.28.8680

Short answer: They don’t!

Longer answer: It’s actually light diffracting around the four arms (called spider legs) holding up the secondary mirror of a telescope! For the stars above it’s four spider legs from the stars because the Hubble Space Telescope took these images and its secondary mirror has four arms holding the secondary - for other telescopes the diffraction could be different depending on how the secondary mirror is held up.

Here’s apicture of the Hubble’s secondary mirror design:

Three of the four “spider arms” are visible and I drew red lines next to them so you could see what they look like.

This is an image of M101. It *looks* like a true color image, but it’s not. That is because it is a composite of these two images: 

The top one is an exposure taken through a B (”blue”) filter while the bottom one is taken through a “V” (”visible”) filter. The B band is centered on 445nm or blue wavelengths whereas the V band is centered on 551 nm or yellow/green wavelengths. These two images when overlaid would not make an easily viewable image, so I made the V image orange so they became complementary colors.

But! It gets more complicated still. You see, when you take an image through a telescope, the CCD (your “camera”) always produces an output in greyscale. The greyscale image’s appearance can be further altered by changing the way the counts on the CCD are displayed as values on your computer screen.

This here is a linear stretch. It would look very different with a histogram equalization stretch, while still actually being the same image.

You can only get color images by combining two or three different greyscale images, and dyeing them different colors. Sometimes, you take an image through a red, green, and a blue filter, and then when you combine them, it roughly approximates a “true color” image. However, as you have control over the intensity and contrast of each component color, the resulting image can be made to look differently.

Two ways of making a composite.

Sometimes you want to combine images taken through filters that focus in on specific spectral lines. Sometimes these spectral lines are in the same region of the color spectrum. For example, the famous Hubble “pillars of creation” image actually contains two red spectral line components, one due to hydrogen, and one due to sulfur. To make the composite image easier to read, one of these red wavelengths was recolored blue.

The image would basically be mostly red if they didn’t do this.

And of course, as @antikythera-astronomy said, there are always false-color images of light wavelengths we cannot see, such as this radio image of mine:

So, what does this all mean for images being faked or not?

The Answer: None of the images of space taken by telescopes are what they would look like to your eyes, but that’s okay, because what is the point of a telescope if it just mimics what your eyes see?

The human eye cannot distinguish colors at all for low surface brightness objects such as galaxies or nebulae. If you ever look through a personal telescope at a galaxy, what you see is a faint smudge. That first galaxy whose image I posted? I’ve seen it with my own eyes, and it looked like a blurry grey blob with faint grey spokes. Even if you were in a spacecraft blazing your way through the Orion Nebula, you wouldn’t be able to see its colors. The surface brightness is just too faint.

Even though none of these images is a “true color” image, none of them are faked either, because each is actually visualization of a scientific measurement. They are merely ways we can use our computers to present to us the results of measurements of photon counts, wavelengths, and position on the sky, it’s like changing the scale on a graph, or a map. It’s not fake, just…different. Hopefully this has been…enlightening.