常夏杏🟠

And yes, I do use this extension as intended. Most of the time.

But, as an added bonus, this functionality also allows me, a connoisseur of non-English dramas that are often readily available on YouTube but rarely have English subtitles, to watch them with English subtitles that are much better than YouTube's auto-generated gibberish.

There's always a word that has a specific vibe or meaning that just does not translate into the other language. Like, there is not a Dutch equivalent for the English word 'upset' nor is there an English equivalent for the Dutch word 'vanzelfsprekend'.

"The simultaneous borrowing of French and Latin words led to a highly distinctive feature of modern English vocabulary: sets of three items, all expressing the same fundamental notion but differing slightly in meaning or style, e.g., kingly, royal, regal; rise, mount, ascend; ask, question, interrogate; fast, firm, secure; holy, sacred, consecrated. The Old English word (the first in each triplet) is the most colloquial, the French (the second) is more literary, and the Latin word (the last) more learned." (Howard Jackson and Etienne Zé Amvela, "Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology." Continuum, 2000)

via ThoughtCo

Though I like how John McWhorter phrases it better:

But language tends not to do what we want it to. The die was cast: English had thousands of new words competing with native English words for the same things. One result was triplets allowing us to express ideas with varying degrees of formality. Help is English, aid is French, assist is Latin. Or, kingly is English, royal is French, regal is Latin – note how one imagines posture improving with each level: kingly sounds almost mocking, regal is straight-backed like a throne, royal is somewhere in the middle, a worthy but fallible monarch.

I value the fact that English has two parallel vocabularies ‒ the Germanic vocabulary and the Latinate vocabulary. For example, we have the word 'undersea', and then we have 'submarine'. Or 'underground' and 'subterranean', 'all-powerful' and 'omnipotent'. So we can shift registers. We can say something in a very plain, blunt, Anglo-Saxon way, like "I will not do that" ‒ all Anglo-Saxon monosyllables. Or we can say it in a fancier, more distant, abstract, Latinate way, like "I prefer not to permit myself to approach such a notion." Or, in a passage of plain Anglo-Saxon, you can throw in one Latinate word, unexpectedly, to great effect.

End ID.]

I do love this aspect of language! But, unlike what the title of that last quote states, English is actually very normal! Languages absorbing the prestige language of the area happens ALL THE TIME.

Close to 60% of English vocabulary is Latin and French. That's similar to, or slightly lower than, many languages with a Chinese influence (Japanese is the same, Korean and Vietnamese might have more or less, depending on how you measure. Casual spoken forms of languages often have less borrowings, and obscure technical vocabulary will have more.)

We don't know what the spoken language was like, but Old Nubian writing can have so many Greek loanwords it can be difficult to tell if a text is Greek with a few Nubian words, or Old Nubian but mostly loanwords! Ottoman Turkish borrowed so much Arabic and Persian that it was mostly unintelligible to normal Turkish speakers. Only a 1/3 of Yaghnobi words are actually Eastern Iranian, and it's ancestor, Sogdian, was similar - Persian, Turkic, Russian, Chinese, Sanskrit, Aramaic, Greek - it seems harder to find languages that DIDN'T leave their mark!

And borrowing from Latin, and then French, its descendent, is just as normal. Khmer contains a large number of borrowings from Sanskrit and its descendants, especially Pali. Japanese borrowed from multiple Chinese dynasties, and now some Kanji have several similar pronunciations, each based on a different reborrowing.

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And there are languages that go much farther than us!

25% of English is Germanic, including a (possibly) surprising amount of Old Norse and Dutch. That includes most of the core vocabulary and grammar.

Mixed languages don't have a 'core'. They combine multiple languages in more complex ways.

Michif - which developed in central Canada as Cree and French voyageurs (fur traders) worked together and created their own culture (the Métis) - combines elements of Plains Cree, French, and other languages like Ojibwe, Assiniboine, and English. It developed among people who were fully bilingual, retaining complex elements of both main languages. There's more French words than Cree, but it's impossible to say that they're 'loanwords' or 'host language words'.

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Yes I’ll definitely use a word from another language instead of the correct one if i cannot remember it in this one we’re mutually using, but I will not be spewing catchphrases like an NPC.

Do I still eat the trope up? 100% (I mean Jackie Welles Cyberpunk2077 hello-)

The irony also applies to pet names and terms of endearment. You’re unlikely to use that many L1 terms of endearment on a loved one that doesn’t speak said language (though some consciously choose to do so, whether due to sentimentality or as a form of flirting), and unless you’re in a movie or carefully curated, slowburn fanfic, you’ll be settling for more common terms, usually in a language you share. You’d more likely have to be limited by a lower level skill in L2 to resort to L1 phrases when you’re at a loss of words, or rather overwhelmed by other factors such as emotions; and someone with other languages in their arsenal will compensate for this lack with one of them, not necessarily his native tongue, esp if it’s rarer, such as in my case where the counterpart most likely still won’t understand a fundamentally different word from Serbian or Greek for example.

One instance where I can imagine this bilingual conundrum working, is in creole or pidgin languages*. Languages meant to function in a multilingual/multicultural environment, or ones that are based heavily on such linguistic development, are more likely to mix terms and structures, producing their own in turn. Notice how these OP media tropes don’t often happen in “less popular/romanticized” languages, either. We’ll see a lot of French or Spanish terms thrown around for pet names, as they’re notorious for romance settings, or perhaps some popular foreign slang that’s been meme-fied on the net by other, less “romantic” languages. That’s where these stop though, don’t they?

Somehow Gambit calling you ma chér in French makes more sense when Cajun actively uses it in anglophone environments too, while Bane calling you a million spanish endearments while he’s a genius fluent in several languages, can only be doing it for the love of the game (this man is an expert in psychology amongst other things, he knows the effect a nice little Cariña has on you) 😆

If you care about humanity you should care about Ukrainians too and russia has launched one of the bloodiest, cruelest and heaviest attacks on Ukraine’s capital today

In the middle of the night, when people are sleeping, they started bombing civilian districts with all types of missiles

Lots of buldings damaged, many injured and yet unknown about the exact number of casualties

One of the biggest cities in Europe is all on fire being bombed to ground all because the little goblin and his ppl don’t want Ukraine to exist anymore

They want us to sign a peace deal that’s essentially capitulation and give up everything we have, what we fought for

Please, just look up information and spread the word

I know the news barely talk about Ukraine anymore, especially in the US. I know because I live here and I got asked about what’s the situation back home for the first time in MONTHS recently, in months… and every time I don’t know what to say because it is bad, still really really bad and people need help

I have friends in Kyiv, I am constantly anxious about them. I have my family and friends in other cities and I am constantly worried and scared for them