This will probably be uncomfortable for all of us.

2) popular elitism is probably the element least discussed by fascists themselves and i'm not aware of a native term for it. the closest might be the mexican national synarchist union contrasting communist 'proletarianization' with their intention to 'bourgeoisify' mexican society through land redistribution.

the paragraph in "ur-fascism" remains pretty much definitive, although scholars both liberal (e.g., michael geyer's model of the third reich as based on competition over the right to dominate and exploit at all levels of society) and marxist (e.g., j. sakai's observation that nazism "de-proletarianized aryan society" by shifting working-class men into police and managerial work) have attempted to sketch out what it means in concrete socio-economic terms to make the people into an elite.

i've also used the homebrew concept (which i'm sure has been identified under another name elsewhere) of stratified uniformity to describe the paradox of a society where everyone is 'the same' (obsessively racially and/or culturally homogeneous) and yet unequal (implying differentiation).

one related concept that fascists do identify with is 'meritocracy'—the idea that, while liberal capitalist meritocracy is a scam by which unworthy people have amassed undue wealth and power, a fascist society will reshuffle the social order so that the true natural elite can rise to the top and everyone else can be sorted accordingly, free of privilege and favoritism (lmao): an 'earned' hierarchy, of function rather than status, where everyone is 'equally' valued for fulfilling their role in an un-equal system (still gotta read hitler's social revolution by david schoenbaum which rhymes w/ this).

3) 'archeofuturism' is french new rightist and B-list neofascist intellectual guillaume faye's term; 'rooted modernism' is political theorist and historian of ideas roger griffin's, borrowed from architecture and design.

fascism is not primarily a nostalgic or conservative ideology—unlike conservatives who admire and may want to literally resurrect the institutions and values of the recent past, fascists isolate out and abstract some past era or regime (often multiple, like the first and second german reichs) into a national 'essence' or 'soul', existing outside of time and space but manifesting throughout history as periodic resurgences of national glory which might look rather different in practice.

when we call fascism 'palingenetic' (griffin's term, but also protofascist thomas carlyle's; from the greek for 'rebirth'), it refers not to a return or restoration of some specific thing in the past, even accounting for mythologization and pseudohistory—it means a bottom-up remaking of life in an aggressively forward-looking spirit, animated and inspired by the 'eternal' national essence reflected in previous periods of strength and prosperity.

for kahanists, this is the 'authentic jewish idea'; for nazis, it's the aryan race-soul; for italian fascism, it's the roman ethos and the ideal of empire; for Traditionalists (capital t) it's appropriately called the Tradition (but refers, again, to a timeless principle existing outside of history); in tosaka jun's analysis, this lifting-out-of-history is the operation performed by japanese ultra-nationalists on the bushidō code; and there's a movement that calls it simply 'the Idea' but i can't for the life of me remember which. you get it.

4) people are readily familiar with fascism's militarism, rigid hierarchy, social conservatism, and crushing of individual conscience, and in fairness that is the dimension which is most obvious and most destructive in the behavior of fascism-in-power, but fascism is also experienced by some as a movement of rebellion and nonconformity, with special appeal to avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and youth and students—university students would actually seem to be the most consistent (not to say the largest or necessarily most important) demographic presence in interwar fascist movements.

here i always think about british fascist leader oswald mosley's own version of valois' equation from earlier—that fascism is, in short, the reconciliation of christianity and nietzsche. by 'christianity' he meant service and self-sacrifice, and by 'nietzsche' he meant the desire to break the mold and explore new horizons. the nazis, infamously, thought nietzsche's project of secular transcendence and the production of a new type of human being could be mapped onto their goal of eugenically reengineering germany and europe. italian fascism was marked culturally by an obsession w/ daring and adventure and achieving new heights—literally in the case of its fascination w/ aviation.