one of the things I like best about ART's choice of hiding space is that referring to its kernel as a recipe is such a good joke if you've thought deeply about the nature of development and identity and becoming a person. Especially in light of SecUnit's bugfuck idea to use its own kernel as the center of, essentially, a bot designed to be killware. (Even more than constructs, bots are not their bodies; note that the difference between a bot and a drone is the number of artificial intelligences controlling and inhabiting any number of "bodies". The bot is the intelligence, not the chassis, and we see from ART's reaction to MB's proposal that it has clearly thought deeply about this.)
But I was explaining the joke: DNA is often referred to as a blueprint by people who are not geneticists, because they think that DNA contains if not the self (lol no) but at least a set of complete instructions for creating the self. This is a terrible analogy, because blueprints are designed to be invariable from construction to construction. If you have the blueprints, and the structure is competently executed, the outcome should be the same every time, no matter who is constructing it or what the conditions are.
DNA in the context of development is not very much like this at all. For one thing, at any given time you're only bothering to read part of it, and you're scrunching up the rest like Christmas lights tangled together in the attic. More seriously, all biological organisms are fundamentally products of both nature and nurture (defined as "the experience of passing through the process of developing"; i.e. everything after the blastocyst starts dividing, technically); you do not get an organism at all without both things acting in concert. The process of making a new organism helps define what that organism becomes.
In the case of embryonic development, often you need specific contributions of genetic material and provisions from one or both parents or the budding embryo never gets off the ground. The code for that provisioning, though, isn't written in the genome of the blastocyst at all--usually it's encoded within the genomes of one or both parents. Genes like chicken eggshell color, for example, work like this: it is entirely possible, and indeed quite common depending on the cross, for a pullet chick to hatch from a white egg while carrying a genotype that specifies that the hen that chick grows up to be will lay only blue eggs! Now consider that maternal egg provisioning, say, can affect much more important qualities of development and growth than the color of an egg shell.
On an even more basic level than that, DNA works by being transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. Except that the function of some of those proteins is to control transcription or translation of other proteins, such that the eventual expression of any single protein is a function not ONLY of the code for that protein but ALSO of the expression patterns of a whole array of other proteins, some of which respond to internally controlled changes and some of which are acting in response to the environment.
So DNA is much more like a recipe than a blueprint: the final end product of the cake will be defined not only by whether you follow the instructions on the label, but also things like whether you folded the batter correctly and what the humidity level is in the room and how far you are above sea level and just how long you leave the cake in the oven. The final cake is a dialogue between the recipe and the process of actually putting the cake together.
(The earliest use of this metaphor I'm aware of, offhand, is in The Science of Discworld (1999), which is even after twenty years a marvelous and thorough journey through a number of fascinating biological concepts using the framework of the wizards of the Disc studying the bizarre "Roundworld" they have discovered or perhaps created. So: this metaphor has been out and about in SFF circles now for twenty years, which certainly impacts the likelihood that Wells is invoking it intentionally.)
This is even more true when you consider the development of the brain, which is after all continually learning. Certainly current artificial intelligence research emphatically tells us that the process of developing is crucial to being able to produce any kind of sophisticated intelligence. Our memories and the concepts that we learn and internalize about how the world works shape our reactions, responses, and motivations to interact with the world around us.
So of course ART, who is a) an incredibly sophisticated machine intelligence, b) the experimental child of a university project, c) the sole operator of a fully functional MedSystem designed to care for human bodies, and most importantly d) an insufferable fucking know it all possessed of endless curiosity, is likely to have encountered discussions like this before, and probably the analogy itself. Most clever, inquisitive children like to ask their parents about themselves and how they are alike and different to other people, and I don't see that an artificial intelligence should be any different. And that analogy is only getting more and more common among genetics teachers, textbook writers, and science educators in recent years.
A kernel isn't quite like a recipe that way, but I'm pretty sure that the joke of hiding an essential but not wholly self contained piece of oneself, like a seed, in a recipe menu absolutely occurred to ART from all these analogies about cake making. Of course ART itself would probably have encountered the metaphor as being more of a way to understand cake baking--which, of course, it has probably done relatively infrequently on a personal level, especially as human food isn't especially salient to it--than to understand the complex flexibility of learning systems.
Anyway then you have Murderbot flailing in to all of this and insisting that it is defined purely by its meat self, like a human, and not at all like a bot by the shape of its learning and the ability modules it has access to.