Boiling is just easy because it is a universal adapter: if you can use X to make hot, then you can use the hot to boil water and spin turbines. It's spinning that's the real trick, not the steam: we only use steam to turn a generator.
But for reference, here's some types of power generation that need no boiling:
Solar. Photovoltaics convert light directly into electricity (some forms of solar do boil water, but the most common kind doesn't)
Wind. You have the wind turn a dynamo to generate power. Boiling water isn't needed
Hydroelectric: the water turns the turbine without needing to be boiled
Osmotic power: you use a salinity gradient to turn a turbine
There's at least one variant of nuclear power which involves using the magnetic field of a fusion reaction to generate power, but I'm blanking on the exact name
RTGs: these are basically a radioactive core wrapped in a specialized solar panel. They're basically a big heavy battery that'll work for decades without stopping. They get used on deep space probes and remote Russian lighthouses
Internal combustion engine generators: no need to boil water if you're a car engine: just spin the generator instead of wheels! (fun fact: some Electric vehicles have ICE range extension: they're built like an EV, but they have a small gasoline engine included, but it's not connected to the wheels; it just generates power to recharge the batteries)
By the way, there are more efficient ways to move around heat than steam. Like there's been some experimental nuclear reactors that don't use water, they use molten salt. But steam keeps getting used for a lot of reasons, primarily:
We are very good at plumbing. Humans have literal millenia of expertise at figuring out how to make water go where we want it.
It's non-corrosive. It's not going to eat holes in all your pipes in new and unexpected ways. You can buy pipes that'll handle it at your local home depot for like 5$
It's cheap. You don't have to worry about it leaking a little and having to expensively refill it: water is basically free.
If there's a leak, steam rapidly turns back into water, and you just need to send a dude with a mop (the cooling loop of your reactor isn't radioactive unless your reactor has broken), not a bunch of robots and guys in space suits.
Steam is a great example of "good enough" engineering: it's not the best and most efficient, but it works well enough and it's just easier and we have a ton of experience dealing with it.
Like if tomorrow someone figures out how to catalyze neutrino decay, the first power plant using it will just plug the CND box into a steam turbine. It's just the simplest and quickest way to do it, because we already have that half of the power plant sorted. Those designs have been on file since the 1800s, and we just keep improving them for greater efficiency.
But at the end of the day, remember that it's spinning that's the real power generation trick: you turn a dynamo and power comes out.
Steam is just an easy adapter between HOT and SPINNY. If you've got some hot, you can turn it into spinny with steam. Once you've got spinny, you turn a dynamo and power comes out. And none of this cares HOW you get the hot: burning plants/dinosaurs, decaying/fissioning radioactive material, geothermal power, thermal solar, exothermic chemical reactions, it doesn't matter. Steam is a universal workhorse of power generation.
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