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you've heard of death of the author, now get ready for death of the audience: where instead of basing your reaction on a thousand uninformed opinions online, you actually read the text and engage with it
girl help there's people on this post who can't actually read my text
#the way that this is literally how death of the author works lmao
OKAY i'm fucking sick of people who can't read leaving these comments so here we go, we're gonna read Barthes together. hold my hand
Barthes' 1967 essay The Death of the Author (La mort de l'auteur) loosely takes the form of a literary history: he relates the changing attitudes of criticism towards the text and of literature towards criticism down to his day. He is interested in what writing is, and thus, what a book is: "a tissue of signs," which the critic claims to be able to interpret. But Barthes argues that once the necessity of connecting the author to the book is removed, the critic has no work to do: "Once the Author is gone, the claim to 'decipher' a text becomes quite useless." This is a rejection of both the supremacy of the critic and the intentions of the author.
When Barthes says "critic," he doesn't mean "anyone who has encountered the text," however. He differentiates the critic from the "reader":
the reader is the very space in which are inscribed, without any being lost, all the citations a writing consists of; the unity of a text is not in its origin, it is in its destination.
For Barthes, the reader's understanding of the text is supreme because it weaves together the "tissue of signs" into a coherent whole, producing a singular interpretation. He concludes by advocating for the overthrow of the critical establishment in favor of individual interpretation: "to restore to writing its future, we must reverse its myth: the birth of the reader must be ransomed by the death of the Author." In other words, in order for us to allow readers their own experiences, we must stop prioritizing the critic -- not the reader, but the critic -- and instead allow the reader to engage the text.
We're gonna un-Barthes Barthes now, okay? Stay with me. Here's the context:
Barthes was responding to a stifling and rigid environment in which criticism was the sole province of the academic expert. As part of the deconstructionist wave, he wanted to upend the traditional hierarchy that dictated how a text should be understood and what it was for, instead prioritizing language and reaction.
He got his wish. We live in a world of reaction.
Gone is the tyranny of the formal critic; gone even is the formal literary education of the reader. Our "tissue of signs" is no longer the text, but an infinite mirrored hall of reactions to reactions to reactions in which the text diminishes into a vanishing point, as the Author once did on Barthes' literary stage.
We do not need to resist the tyranny of the academy. The academy has been destroyed. Adjunctification, the widespread corporatization of universities, the resulting devaluation of college degrees, the devastation of humanities departments in widespread shutdowns, and now the revocation of billions of dollars of government funding have left the academy on its knees. Public trust in academic expertise has declined so sharply that people on this very hellsite will tell you that if someone has an advanced degree in a specific field, that actually makes them less trustworthy.
And in Ozymandias' place, we have the reader.
The reader consumes a variety of "content" and regurgitates its reactions in a variety of "posts." It transmutes text into more text which further readers wriggle eagerly through, refining what might have had meaning into a rarefied fertilizer of emotion and echo. What it leaves behind becomes the literary history for new strata of reactions, nostalgia, and imitation.
This is the audience: an ouroboros of interpretation, a rat king of readership. It has no end but itself. Ultimately, it needs no text to function. In this world, the truly radical act is to disentangle yourself from the other worms and rebuild the edifice of meaning. This may require you to do such tasks as "read the actual book," but because we no longer have the support -- however oppressive -- of literary criticism to inform our reading, we must also learn how to read, explore the historical context on our own, and recover both the facts and the symbols from which the text is woven.
That is what death of the audience means: not a rejection of the critic in favor of language, but a rejection of endless language and infinite readers in favor of fact, history, and skill.
It's a pun, by the way: "La mort de l'auteur," spoken aloud, recalls Le Morte d'Arthur, a 15th-century collection of Arthurian legend which marked the turn away from the Middle Ages and into a nostalgic Early Modern period which valorized them. The Author becomes the mythic King; as myth, he can be severed from fact and dismissed.
Fact has now itself become the myth.
Fucking read.
this is going around again, thanks for 5k notes.
More art offerings of the melnem variety, whole page of stuff edition
I'm reblogging this just to say you guys are crazy, I've never expected to recieve SO many compliments and kind words about my fanarts??? My skin is cleared and my crops watered every time I read through the tags, i adore and love u forever fellow tumblr dot com users <333333

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I wanna hurt with you Whatever you go through I do too
FARGO | 5x07 āLindaā
When I was a teenager and still on Neopets I was part of a pretty big Star Trek guild and eventually became part of its council, with the solemn duty of creating weekly polls. Well one day I created the poll "Which would win in a fight? Borg Cube or Death Star?". Naturally, since this was a Star Trek guild, the answer was overwhelmingly "Borg Cube", but someone did have the rationality to point out we were biased.
So I look up a pretty prominent Star Wars guild and message one of their council and ask them to poll the same question and get back to me in a week. They do, and naturally the fuckin geeks said "Death Star".
So then I look up a Stargate guild and messaged the lead council member, saying the same thing, and they get back to me almost immediately saying that the Death Star would immediately one-shot a Borg Cube but they would never be able to do it again to another Cube. And I took that wisdom back to my guild and we were mollified, and for one moment the Nerd World was peaceful.
fun fact: ātiredā is not supposed to be your default state of existence
immediately concerned by how many people were like āwait really??ā in the tags. may i suggest you guys read up on chronic fatigue iron and magnesium deficiencies (among others) and executive dysfunction as starter material
perhaps some will disagree, but i think the world got worse when we changed the colour of the night
this is what i mean
Via @bulbaderp
To be clear, THIS is how nights of the future should be lit
This is bat friendly street lighting, which not only looks sick as fuck but allows bats to pass through without disturbance, as they cannot see red.
orange and especially white lights deter bats and prevent them from reaching feeding grounds at nighttime. Please if you can, write to your local council and encourage red street lights!!!!

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Fuchsia (2022) gouache, oil pastel & pencil on paper Prints & original paintings available in my shop :) shop: suhaylah.bigcartel.com ig: @suhaylah.h
This explains so much about why 20 somethings are just unable to read to any level of complexity beyond a tweet. The miserable failure of US pedagogy
They didnāt teach children phonics for TWENTY YEARS because they just hoped this ābalanced literacyā bs would magically work out???
this still kills me. 20 years. thatās nearly every public school gen z kid in the US
Thereās a really good five-part podcast series about this that recently came out from American Public Media called Sold a Story: How Teaching Kids to Read Went so Wrong.Ā It does a great job of explaining this issue and goes into the political situation and profit motives that kept balanced literacy going for so long even when there was, this canāt be emphasized enough, *zero research* to back it up.
One of my personal big takeways from listening to this was the danger of turning facets of education policy into politicized issues along left/right linesāaccording to this podcast one of the reasons for why phonics didnāt catch on earlier is because it was being promoted by the second Bush administration, which led to teachers unions and other left-of-center people to be suspicious of it. I think thatās really unfortunate and sadly we saw that same dynamic play out during the pandemic, when in so many school districts how to handle public education became a culture war battle more than anything else.
Obviously everything is political in some way and itās always worth analyzing who is promoting which ideasābut I think when aspects of public health/science/medicine/education become polarized we all lose out because the issue becomes so much harder to analyze on their merits. And itās especially awful when the people most impacted are children who are still developing the basic skills needed to think critically for themselves.
oh that sounds worth a listen
Iām fucking gobsmacked. Firstly, hereās the link to the full article for anybody who wants to read the entire thing, or canāt view the image text:
Is a controversial curriculum, entrenched in New York Cityās public schools for two decades, finally coming undone?
Secondly, Iām just⦠is this not basically the gist of the scam in The Music Man? Y'know, where Harold Hillāwho canāt play of note of musicāpasses himself off as a band leader, telling everyone he has a ārevolutionary new method called The Think System where you donāt bother with notes,ā and says āāIf you want to play the Minuet in G, think the Minuet in Gā? Like sure, context is helpful for reading, but having it be the basis is⦠WILD. Iām so sorry Gen Z š
Guys. Guys is this not how you learned to read. Bc this is how I learned to read.
NO THIS IS NOT HOW WE LEARNED TO READ WHAT THE FUCK
In the rest of the English-speaking world, children are taught to read phonically. There are multiple systems for this, fromĀ āwinging it based on usageā to structured, tiered systems like Jolly Phonics. Theyāre taught the sounds that letters make, then the sounds that dipthongs and unusual combinations (like āmagic E vowelsā) make, and they are taught how to string the sounds together to sound out the words. Common words with unusual spellings/rules (or just really common words that the kid needs to know before they know the relevant rules, like ātheā and āshouldā) are taught as āsight wordsā and expected to be memorised rote (although research suggests that children donāt memorise these words, but memorise whatever the tricky part is as an exception and read them normally, by phonically sounding them out in their head). This is so that children can get to reading common sentences and simple stories as quickly as possible, providing them with valuable practice and motivation.
As children get practice reading over many years, the most common words get memorised via repetition, and new words are sounded out and memorised if they come up enough. (This is why itās common for people who read more than they watch tv/converse to mispronounce words for many years ā I was over 20 before I knew the correct pronunciation of āmisledā or ārendezvousā.)
We certainly werenāt taught to check the first letter and then guess based on vibes. If you read like that then thereās no point in the rest of the word being written down. How would you learn new words and advance your skill that way?
Well, this explains a lot about how people in my notes process my posts.
Women light up the world. That's why it's called Broad daylight.
edging this twink
i need everyone to know i was so ashamed of this post i muted notifs right after so i could forget. unfortunately it showed up on my dash.
no no
no no
@duolingo-unofficial has entered a plea deal to let duo cum if this gets to 15k notes. freaks, reblog.
Guys
Please
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I think that in real lifeā¦. Relationships r like . Your partner WILL ātrauma dumpā on you. You will have to perform āemotional laborā for your partner. Your partner will make mistakes. You will also do all of these things. The very nature of love is irrational and problematic and difficult ā¦. To expect a relationship to be free of these things is strange to meā¦. The point is that your relationship to that person is ultimately worth it, and worth growing with them, helping each other, seeing the worst parts of another person and being able to love them anyway
hey dude great pokemon battle. i couldn't help but notice your pokemon was wearing an extremely swag necklace, it reminded me of how lame and swagless me and my pokemon are. I'm gonna give you double the prize money as thanks for the opportunity of getting my ass kicked by an epically swag beast such as yours.