This book focuses on evaluating the groundwater storage potentials of a semiarid environment of northeastern Nigeria. The book uses the proven and well established methods and approaches in identifying aquifer types and calculating aquifer parameters, simulating groundwater flow net and transport. We also employ the measured and estimated water budget parameters in evaluating groundwater storage potentials of a hitherto virgin area of Nigeria. We have featured more than 24 figures, diagrams and illustrations to highlight the major themes, that are important in the retention of key concepts. This book presents a holistic approach to advances in groundwater hydrology from recent developments in reservoirs and hydraulics and analytic modeling of transient multi-layer flow. This book therefore integrates the real life data and gives the examples of processes that make the content practical and implementable. These are the examples of developments in groundwater hydrology that underscored perspectives regarding the challenges faced by industry, professionals, researchers and academia. (Imprint: Nova)

Caenorhabditis elegans – An Overview and Emerging Roles in Studying Disease explores different disease models that have been successfully validated in this nematode, either to unravel disease mechanisms or to perform drug screenings. This nonpathogenic organism has helped to firstly identify genetic mechanisms important in cancer (Ras and Bcl oncogene signaling), aging (insulin signaling), and nervous system development (UNC-6/Netrin signaling). Human conditions such as aging/frailty (Chapter One), metabolic syndrome (Chapter Two), neurodegenerative diseases (Chapters Three and Four) and neurodegeneration induced by chemicals (Chapters Three and Five) are recapitulated in C. elegans. The construction of transgenic animals that mimic the diseases, the advances in understanding molecularly these conditions, potential new treatments and limitations of the models are reviewed in these chapters. Notably, the authors that contributed to this book are from different parts of the world due to the widespread use of this nematode in research. (Imprint: Nova Medicine and Health)

This book focuses on water purification by micelle-clay nano-particles. The micelle-clay complex is composed of an organic cation (surfactant) with a long alkyl chain, e.g., ODTMA (octadecyltrimethylammonium) that spontaneously forms micelles of several nm in diameters at small concentrations. The positively charged micelles interact with a negatively charged clay (bentonite) at optimal ratios. The resulting complex has a large surface area per weight; it includes large hydrophobic parts and has an excess of a positive charge. The complex is insensitive to higher temperatures (50 0C), to pH values in the range of 2-11, or ionic strengths. Production of powdered and granulated complexes is described. The material characteristics of the micelle-clay complex differ from those of organo-clay of the same composition, which is formed by the interaction of monomers of the surfactant with the clay (Chapters One and Two). Model calculations enable simulations and predictions of removal of pollutants from water in batch or filtration experiments, and can yield cost estimates (Chapter Three).

A biomarker is a biochemical, cellular, physiological or behavioral variation that can be measured in tissue or body fluid samples or at the level of whole organisms that provides evidence of exposure to and/or effects of one or more chemical pollutants or radiations. Based on the facts related to the existence of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. New approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. By using these recent methodologies, it could be useful to shed light on the molecular evolution of the biomarkers, and which role and functionality can be better understood based on exploring the relative evolution pathways in several aquatic organisms. PhD students and scientists with interests on physiology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular evolution and aquatic science disciplines will find this book very useful, based on the concepts and the relative biomarkers study cases, analyzed from the evolutionary point of view. (Imprint: Nova)

Heat conduction plays an important role in energy transfer at the macro, micro and nano scales. This book collates research results developed by scientists from different countries but with common research interest in the modelling of heat conduction problems. The results reported encompass heat conduction problems related to the Stefan problem, phase change materials related to energy consumption in buildings, the porous media problem with Bingham plastic fluids, thermosolutal convection, rewetting problems and fractional models with singular and non-singular kernels. The variety of analytical and numerical techniques used includes the classical heat-balance integral method in its refined version, double-integration technique and variational formulation applied to the integer-order and fractional models with memories.

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Sarika Garg after completing Ph.D. from the University of Hamburg, Germany (Max Planck Institute of Structural Biology, Hamburg) joined University of Saskatchewan as a post-doctoral scientist. She did her second post-doc from the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Canada. Her main work is in the field of Neuroscience (Alzheimer disease) but she worked in many other fields also.