#korean learn

눈이 떠지다 = one's eyes open (literally one's eyes snap open)

일어나다 = to get up

햇빛이 들어오다 = sunlight shines through (somewhere)

눈이 부시다 = to be dazzling, to be very bright

눈을 비비다 = to rub one's eyes

하품하다 = to yawn

기지개를 켜다 = to stretch (after sleeping or when you're tired)

알람이 울리다 = the alarm goes off

알람을 끄다 = to turn off the alarm

불을 켜다 = to turn on the lights

침대를 정리하다 = to make one's bed

커튼을 걷다 = to open the curtains

깨우다 = to wake someone up

이불을 개다 = to fold the bedding

늦잠을 자다 = to oversleep

Happy learning!! ^^

Source: TTMIK

the first type of honorific is the informal honorific. this way of speaking should only be used to the people you are close with. DO NOT use this with strangers, older people, acquaintances, or someone who has a higher (job) status than you. it is very disrespectful to use the informal honorific to the said people and this might cause a dispute between the speaker and the listener.

(note: the sentences used in this example are the same ones used in my post about conjugating in the plain form. click here if you haven’t seen that one yet!)

PRESENT TENSE

remove 다 and add ~아/어/여. ~아 is attached if the last vowel of the syllable ends inㅏ or ㅗ, ~어is attached if the last vowel of the syllable does not end in ㅏor ㅗ, and ~여 is attached if the last syllable of the word is 하. however, for easier pronunciation, 하 + ~여 =해.

1. 먹다 — 먹 + 어 = 먹어 고양이는 생선을 먹어. the cat eats fish.

when the last letter of the stem is ㅏ, it is combined with ~아 2. 가다 — 가 + 아 = 가 NOT 가아  나의 여동생은 학교에 가. my sister goes to school.

3. 이해하다 — 이해하 + 여 = 이해해 나는 오늘 수학을 이해해. i understand math today.

4. 비싸다 — 비싸 + 아 = 비싸 내가 좋아하는 많이 비싸. the dress i like is expensive.

PAST TENSE

remove 다 and add ~았/었/였 + 어. remember that 하 + ~여 = 해.

5. 닫다 — 닫 + ~았 + 어 = 닫았어 나는 문을 닫았어. i closed the door.

6. 가다 — 가 + ~았 + 어 = 갔어 NOT 가았다 나의 여동생은 학교에 갔어. my sister went to school.

when the last letter of the stem is ㅗ, it is combined with ~았어 to form 왔어 7. 오다 — 오 + ~았 + 어 = 왔어 NOT 오았어 나의 음식은 드디어 왔어.  my food finally came.

8. 보고싶다 — 보고싶 + ~었 + 어 = 보고싶었어 나는 갑자기 나의 강아지를 보고싶었어. i suddenly missed my puppy.

when the last letter of the same is ㅜ, it is combined with 었어 to form 웠어 9. 배우다 — 배 + ~었 + 어 = 배웠어 NOT 배우었어 나는 일본어를 배웠어. i learned japanese.

when the last letter of the stem isㅓ, it is combined with ~었어 10. 건너다 — 건너 + ~었 + 어 = 건넜어 NOT 건너었어  나는 거리를 건넜어. i crossed the road.

when the last letter of the stem isㅣ, it is combined with ~었어 to form 였어 11. 던지다 — 던지 + ~었 + 어 = 던졌어 NOT 던지었어 나는 나의 남자친구의 반지를 던졌어. i threw my boyfriend’s ring.

FUTURE TENSE

remove 다 and add ~겠어.

12. 가다 — 가 + ~겠어 = 가겠어 나는 나줗에 가겠어. i will go later.

Aand we are back! With the next grammar lesson. How to conjugate verbs into the present tense.

Seems pretty straightforward hey? Eeehhhh.... for the most part it is. But also NOT. LOL JKS. 

Let’s start with the verb “to go” we all know it well.

as you will see with the rest of the examples, its not just a matter of tacking on the ending onto the verb stem. But sort of blending it with intuitive common sense.

Like one “a” obviously looks weird next to another “a” so it makes sense that we end up with a blending of the vowel sounds. 

Let’s try another verb “to eat”

again, the spoken sounds become blended. But note that because there aren’t two written vowels next to each other. The written language stays the same, and follows the ‘rules’

Now the verb “to see”

Now see this time, not only the spoken language has evolved in sound. But the written language has also adapted to accommodate for the blended sound.

And again it’s because we have that awkward vowel next to a vowel. “o” next to “a”.

And another verb “to be visible”

Again the vowel next to a vowel, “i” - “eo” is just too hard to pronounce. So the written and spoken language has likewise evolved

And the last example “to do”

Again, the blending in the spoken and written language. 

A couple other cool things with the verb “하다" is that you can use it to make new conjugated verbs in the present tense. Simply by adding a noun in front. 

As TTMIK says: 

* Here, please just remember that this verb, 하다 is very versatile. You can add a noun in front of it and you can form new verbs.

studying = 공부 to study = 공부하다 cleaning (the room) = 청소 to clean = 청소하다 cooking = 요리 to cook = 요리하다

And there we have the present tense! It’s not exactly complicated, nor is it easy. There’s a lot of adapted nuances that don’t really follow the rules. But the more you expose yourself to the language! And practice saying aloud, and writing your verbs in context. The easier it will become! (i hope. i’m more saying to myself than anything ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ)

1. 딸기: strawberry

2. 떡볶이: tteokbokki

3. 라면: ramyeon (ramen)

4. 러시아: Russia

5. 마시다: to drink

6. 마트: mart

7. 만: 10.000

8. 만나다: to meet

9. 만들다: to make

10. 많다: to be a lot of, much of

모르다: to not know

모자: hat

목요일: Thursday

무섭다: to be scared

무엇: what

뭐: what

뮤직 비디오: music video

미국: United States

미술관: art museum, gallery

바람: wind