The thing is, no child in the world is born thinking "I am bad". No child is born with ability to hate themselves.
It's something you learn. From people who's opinion matters to you, who you believe no questions asked.
Some learn it from their parent. Some - from grandparent. Older siblings, teachers, pastors, any person you trust more than you trust yourself.
You hear that person say negative thing about you, and, in your head, you transform their voice into your own. In psychology this process is called internalisation.
The path to healing is through undoing that internalisation.
Next time you think something negative about yourself, take a piece of paper and write that thought down. Close your eyes, empty your mind. Open your eyes and silently read these words. Focus. Who's voice you hear saying those words? Who's face you see?
Pick a chair or any place to sit other than your own. Imagine That Person sitting there (as vividly as you can). Stand up, take that piece of paper with offending words and hand them to That Person. Say out loud: "*Person*, these words are not mine. These words are yours. I'm giving them back to you."
It probably won't work the first time. Or second time. Or maybe even 5th or 10th time. But it will work.
You will heal. One undone internalisation at the time.