FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS • Occurs in the liver and adipose tissue (cytosol) • After a carbohydrate-rich meal (high insulin:glucagon ratio) • Not just reverse of beta-oxidation: distinct enzymes and compartments Reactions 1. Citrate Shuttle • A

**CLASSES OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE** 1. **Primary protein structure** * Together, peptide bonds and amino acids form a polypeptide chain (aka a protein). * The primary structure of a protein determines its secondary and tertiary structures. As a

DNA STRUCTURE 1. Primary structure: sequence of nucleotides * Pyrimidines: cytosine and thymine * Purines: guanine and adenine * Lends DNA polarity 2. Secondary structure: double helix stabilized by H-bonds * 10 base pairs per full (360 degree tu

Overview Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency: * Anemia is macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia from nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony - The cytoplasmic contents mature but the nuclear contents do NOT. * Classic myelopathy (the spinal cord disorder): subac

HEXOKINASE (I, II & III) vs. GLUCOKINASE (IV) Tissue distribution * Hexokinase - Skeletal muscle (most common example even though it occurs throughout most of the body) * Glucokinase - The liver - The pancreas (its beta cells) - Less notably,