#physiology

"Arterialised blood returning from the gills of the tadpole by the anterior bronchial veins." Outlines of comparative anatomy. 1841.

The intricacies of fetal (right) and placental (left) circulation. The physiology of the circulation in plants, in the lower animals, and in man. 1873.

Yes, bones do secrete hormones, including osteocalcin, which plays a role in the fight or flight response. When the brain detects danger, it signals the skeleton to release osteocalcin, which helps to activate the sympathetic nervous system and suppress the parasympathetic nervous system, enabling the body to respond to the stress. 

First, I know that M doesn’t smoke because of an addiction, but is it possible as a vampire to be addicted to any sort of substance that humans can become addicted to? Would harder drugs have any effect on their bodies?

Also, do the vampires have to drink water? and if so do they use the bathroom?

I suppose like alcohol, they wouldn't really feel the effect of drugs, so it's not something they'd become addicted to.

They have the ability to become addicted to things, because there are a lot of vampires addicted to blood, especially certain types. The MC's mutation in their blood is definitely addictive for them!

They don't drink water or go to the bathroom. They absorb everything from whatever they consume because of how intense their abilities are.

That's not scientific, but hey, magic! Lol! :D

" Okay, run away, I will look for another one

Even if it doesn't warm me anymore, I'll get over it "

— Valentin Strykalo

Flow of lymph. Circulation of blood. 1926.

Common or European Carp // Cyprinus carpio

They can live between 17-20 years, but they have been recorded to live up to 50 years in captivity! They can also grow quite large, reaching up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length and 60 kg (137 lbs) in weight.

Most carp eat crustaceans, molluscs, seeds, and more! They will open their mouth, creating a vacuum to pull in their food (and subsequently water and mud). Their gill rakes do a good job at filtering out any unwanted materials. And to deal with those hard shells, carps have a set of pharyngeal teeth in their throats to crush them!

Carp are incredibly invasive in North and South America and Australia. It's considered by the Global Invasive Species Database to be one of the most world's worst invasive species. They originate from Asia, and were later introduced to Europe as an ornamental species. They were spread even further through aquaculture, as a source of food, and even to replicate the European environment. Why are they a popular ornamental species? Because the fish known as Koi is just a colorful variant of the common carp!