PLEASE share this addition. I am a lawyer who works in criminal defense, and this is one of the most avoidable things that people consistently get wrong about the Miranda rights.
Here are some more βambiguousβ phrases which courts have found DO NOT invoke your right to a lawyer:
βMaybe I should speak to my lawyer first.β
βI might like a lawyer.β
βI think I should have a lawyer present for this.β
βCould I speak to my lawyer first?β
βHow long until my lawyer gets here?β
And perhaps most egregiously β βGet me a lawyer, dawg β βcause this is not whatβs up.β
Here are the magic phrases which you need to know if you want to invoke your Miranda rights:
1) βAm I free to leave?β
Itβs worth asking this even if the answer is obvious. Even if the officer does not let you leave, by forcing them to admit that you are not free to leave, you are creating a record which your attorney can use to prove that you were in custody. Miranda rights only apply if the interrogation is custodial, meaning that police officers will frequently claim that their suspects wereΒ βnot in custodyβ to get around their Miranda rights.
2)Β βI am invoking my right to remain silent.β
Simply staying silent will not invoke your right to remain silent. As absurd as this is, you must explicitly say that you are invoking your right to remain silent in order to invoke that right.
3)Β βI am invoking my right to an attorney.β
As stated above, you must be not only clear and unambiguous, but clear and legallyΒ unambiguous. Donβt get cute. Donβt get sassy. And on the flip side, donβt get intimidated and use verbal ticks to minimize your request. Say the line with those words exactly β say it clearly, and say it once, and then say nothing else.
Because even after youβve done all this, the police can still try to get you to talk. Theyβre not supposed to interrogate you, but theyβre allowed to make casual conversation, and if that conversation just happens to circle back around to the thing they wanted to question you about, well, thatβs really your fault for talking after you said you wouldnβt, isnβt it? Canβt possibly fault the poor officers when you initiated β if you really wanted to have your rights respected, you wouldnβt have talked to them in the first place.
The police know this, and they will mercilessly exploit this loophole. So, once youβve successfully invoked your Miranda rights, any and all conversation you have with police officers will put those rights back into jeopardy.Β
Ask: βAm I free to leave?β
If they say no, say:Β βI am invoking my right to remain silent and I am invoking my right to an attorney.β
And then shut up and do not say a single thing to them for any reason whatsoever until you have actually spoken to an attorney. Yes, even if it takes hours. Yes, even if they start talking to you about something else.
Finally, a very important disclaimer:
I may be a lawyer, but Iβm not your lawyer, and I cannot guarantee that what Iβve just laid out here will always work for every situation. We didnβt get to this bizarre and absurd place overnight β we built this ridiculous system piecemeal, by deciding on a case-by-case basis that certain phrases were βtoo ambiguousβ or certain types of questioning werenβt actually questioning at all. The law is still in flux, and is still fundamentally out to get you, and willing to bend plain meaning beyond all recognition to do it.Β Even if you invoke your rights perfectly, exactly as I have specified above, thereβs a chance that your invocation of rights will be disqualified on some new technicality that no oneβs even thought of yet β and thatβs precisely the problem.
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