but where do you get your protein?

Have you guys seen that clip

the set of ships is nonempty and finite

(any reasonable notion of) size induces a total order on the set of equivalence classes of ships of the same size

every nonempty finite total order has a maximum

there exists a ship that is no smaller than any other ship

the first ever pride flag (1978) versus the TMP movie poster (1979)

atheist accelerationism: the world needs to get as bad as possible as fast as possible in order to trigger a collapse of the current economic and socio-political structure

"The simultaneous borrowing of French and Latin words led to a highly distinctive feature of modern English vocabulary: sets of three items, all expressing the same fundamental notion but differing slightly in meaning or style, e.g., kingly, royal, regal; rise, mount, ascend; ask, question, interrogate; fast, firm, secure; holy, sacred, consecrated. The Old English word (the first in each triplet) is the most colloquial, the French (the second) is more literary, and the Latin word (the last) more learned." (Howard Jackson and Etienne Zé Amvela, "Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology." Continuum, 2000)

via ThoughtCo

Though I like how John McWhorter phrases it better:

But language tends not to do what we want it to. The die was cast: English had thousands of new words competing with native English words for the same things. One result was triplets allowing us to express ideas with varying degrees of formality. Help is English, aid is French, assist is Latin. Or, kingly is English, royal is French, regal is Latin – note how one imagines posture improving with each level: kingly sounds almost mocking, regal is straight-backed like a throne, royal is somewhere in the middle, a worthy but fallible monarch.

I value the fact that English has two parallel vocabularies ‒ the Germanic vocabulary and the Latinate vocabulary. For example, we have the word 'undersea', and then we have 'submarine'. Or 'underground' and 'subterranean', 'all-powerful' and 'omnipotent'. So we can shift registers. We can say something in a very plain, blunt, Anglo-Saxon way, like "I will not do that" ‒ all Anglo-Saxon monosyllables. Or we can say it in a fancier, more distant, abstract, Latinate way, like "I prefer not to permit myself to approach such a notion." Or, in a passage of plain Anglo-Saxon, you can throw in one Latinate word, unexpectedly, to great effect.

End ID.]

I do love this aspect of language! But, unlike what the title of that last quote states, English is actually very normal! Languages absorbing the prestige language of the area happens ALL THE TIME.

Close to 60% of English vocabulary is Latin and French. That's similar to, or slightly lower than, many languages with a Chinese influence (Japanese is the same, Korean and Vietnamese might have more or less, depending on how you measure. Casual spoken forms of languages often have less borrowings, and obscure technical vocabulary will have more.)

We don't know what the spoken language was like, but Old Nubian writing can have so many Greek loanwords it can be difficult to tell if a text is Greek with a few Nubian words, or Old Nubian but mostly loanwords! Ottoman Turkish borrowed so much Arabic and Persian that it was mostly unintelligible to normal Turkish speakers. Only a 1/3 of Yaghnobi words are actually Eastern Iranian, and it's ancestor, Sogdian, was similar - Persian, Turkic, Russian, Chinese, Sanskrit, Aramaic, Greek - it seems harder to find languages that DIDN'T leave their mark!

And borrowing from Latin, and then French, its descendent, is just as normal. Khmer contains a large number of borrowings from Sanskrit and its descendants, especially Pali. Japanese borrowed from multiple Chinese dynasties, and now some Kanji have several similar pronunciations, each based on a different reborrowing.

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And there are languages that go much farther than us!

25% of English is Germanic, including a (possibly) surprising amount of Old Norse and Dutch. That includes most of the core vocabulary and grammar.

Mixed languages don't have a 'core'. They combine multiple languages in more complex ways.

Michif - which developed in central Canada as Cree and French voyageurs (fur traders) worked together and created their own culture (the Métis) - combines elements of Plains Cree, French, and other languages like Ojibwe, Assiniboine, and English. It developed among people who were fully bilingual, retaining complex elements of both main languages. There's more French words than Cree, but it's impossible to say that they're 'loanwords' or 'host language words'.

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