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found something you might like in genova! A few tapestries depicting alexander. My favorite was him taming Bucephalus, but there was also him meeting diogenes that was funny.
But yeah ive seen a few alexander things here that were fun lmk if you want pics
ohhhhh I love him so!! and the soldier in the background going >:[
The composition shows the triumph of Alexander after his decisive victory against Darius III at Arbela (331 BC) and his entry into Babylon.
Le Brun seems to have followed Quintus Curtius Rufus's account, On the Life and Deeds of Alexander the Great: "The king marched the people at the rear of his infantry and in the midst of his guards, entered the city on a chariot, and from there to the palace as if in triumph" (Quintus Curtius Rufus, trans. Vaugelas, ed. 1661, pp. 256-257).
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I would love to hear your opinions on Cleopatra (Alexander's full sister), and also any books or articles you might have read about her!
I love Kleopatra! It's a shame we don't know more about her, because she seems absolutely fascinating. I particularly wish we had more information about her childhood (especially because we know far too little about royal Macedonian women in general...), her relationship with her father, and how she dealt with the political explosion between him, her mother and her brother in the last year(s) of Philip II's reign.
Kleopatra's coming-of-age is very interesting to me because it's such a pivotal point in history, with her wedding culminating in her father Philip II's murder and the now-legendary reign of her brother, Alexander the Great. It's clear Kleopatra became a powerful figure during this time, acting as regent of Epiros during her husband's absence and after his death, and then taking over some power in Macedon alongside Antipater towards the end of Alexander's reign. We get glimpses of her as a patron and court hostess, sponsoring the tomb of a royal flute-player who may have been her court musician; but we also see her as a political leader, representing Epiros as a thearodoch, an official receiving sacred envoys, in 330. She and her brother were evidently close (he sent her and Olympias gifts from his campaigns, his reaction to Kleopatra allegedly taking a lover essentially amounted to "glad she's having some fun!"), and she had recognized influence with him (Dionysius of Heraclea wanted her to intercede with Alexander on his behalf).
In some ways, we could argue that Kleopatra was viewed as Alexander's symbolic/effective heir in the immediate aftermath of his death. He had three wives and two other sisters, he eventually had a son, yet all his generals specifically sought Kleopatra's alliance (via marriage) in order to retain or boost power. As per Carney, "Diodorus associates pursuit of Cleopatra with the desire to rule all of Alexander's empire". She was clearly viewed as a symbol of continuity and as a link to royalty. The idea that Perdikkas appointed her as "civil governor of Lydia, while the former satrap Menander only retained his military powers and had to obey Kleopatra", as argued by Alexander Meeus, is very compelling to me as well. We don't know why Kleopatra chose to support the candidates that she did (Perdikkas, Leonnatos) - it could be because she thought they had the best shot at victory, it could be because of her personal connection to them, or simply because of their potential malleability - but her choices ultimately backfired, and she ended up remaining in Sardis under the control of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. It's generally said that she was imprisoned there by him, but the truth may have been more complicated, as Diodorus's account about their quarrel twelve years later implies there may have been some sort of understanding between them before. Kleopatra's last gamble to marry or ally with Ptolemy I also failed, as she was unfortunately caught and executed, but it's fascinating that she still tried, so many years later, and that these choices reveal that she was still in the game and mattered as a political figure, despite her obscurity in the sources. I also think it's notable that among all the women active in Philip II and Alexander's reigns, Kleopatra became the final survivor*.
One of my favourite historical anecdotes of Kleopatra was Arrian's description about how she publicly told Antipater to fuck off and he had no choice not to obey. From Lyngsnes:
"Eumenes, on his way back from defeating Krateros at the Battle of the Hellespont, arrived at Sardeis and, according to Justin “ut eius voce centuriones principalesque confirmarentur” sought to confirm the legitimacy of his officers in the army by having the blessing of royalty. Kleopatra, knowing that Antipater and his faction would interpret a meeting between her and Eumenes as conspiring with the rebels, sent Eumenes away without meeting him, afraid Antipater would use it as a pretence to have her murdered. Antipater, upon arrival in Sardeis sometime later, was incensed, but Kleopatra argued ("more fiercely than expected of a woman", apparently in a fit of rage) that she had sent Eumenes on his way because of his status as rebel against the legitimate regent of the kings, and Antipater simply left her in peace after the debate."
This occurred after both her marriage candidates lost and before she ended up under the control of Antigonus. I always wonder what would have happened had Kleopatra chosen to support Eumenes at this critical junction. Would she have survived longer and gained the power she clearly wanted, or would it have still ended in defeat and her capture? We'll never know, but it makes for a fun historical AU.
Personally, I think of Kleopatra as a reverse Penelope. I'm basing it off Elizabeth D. Carney's discussion on the parallels between Penelope and Eurydike I, which I think are actually much stronger and more apt for Kleopatra. Both of them became central figures in their kingdoms after their husbands went to war (Alexander of Molossia died, while Odysseus survived and returned home), both were viewed as links to the land, and both their stories involved the theme of remarriage and eager suitors, the key difference being that Penelope had to fend them off while Kleopatra actively sought them out. There's some gender fuckery going on with Kleopatra that I find very compelling as well: she departed for Sardis on a quest for power and glory, the actions of a male hero, but her goal was marriage, the expected path for Macedonian women. At the same time, Øystein Wiklund Lyngsnes argued that "Kleopatra used traditional means of alliance-building in an untraditional way": she aimed for marriage as the seeker and the one being sought out, and she and her mother were the ones deciding who she should marry, as opposed to a male relative making the choice for them. This pattern extended right till the final act of her life, where she quarrelled with Antigonus, her defiance taking the conventional form of a potential marriage to Ptolemy, but was ultimately a decision she made rather than one which was made for her, and it posed a threat to the established order of her male "guardian", who killed her in response.
I think this article is a very solid and thorough overview of Kleopatra's life, but apart from that, these are some books and articles that discuss her which I really like:
"Kleopatra and the Diadochi" by Alexander Meeus in Faces of Hellenism: Studies in the History of the Eastern Mediterranean (4th Century B.C. - 5th Century A.D.). You can read it here.
Kleopatra's section in "Transitional Royal Women" by Elizabeth D. Carney in The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World.
"The Women Who Would Be Kings" by Øystein Wiklund Lyngsnes. You can read it here.
There are definitely other articles about her, but these are the ones I like the most. Unfortunately, there's not much we know about Kleopatra from the primary sources (though there's still more information about her compared to her sisters), and I think these three are very honest about that instead of trying to fill the gaps through speculations or sensationalism. I would also recommend reading books and articles on Olympias (check her tag on my blog if you want recs for that!) because they inevitably talk about Kleopatra as well.
Hope this helps!!!
*I'm not counting Thessalonike as she was not a political player during either reign.
i should like post abt the persian boy bc what goes absolutely harder than alexander threatening hephaestion — his childhood friend, his lover, his “he is alexander too” — with death over an accusation of mutiny due to hephaestion’s squabble with eumedes. like you dedicate your whole life to alexander the god, the figurehead, the Great King, take his side against the rest of the Macedonians, and he throws you to the wolves. Bagoas saying “the one knows those words were forced from him, the other that the were said.” then they make up, of course, and then hephaestion is soon dead, reaching out from the beyond, to drag alexander with him.
and its like. what did you expect. You sacrificed to Achilles and Patroclus, styled yourselves as the man who went into battle in his lover’s armor, died, and then his lover dragged a corpse around the greek troyan camp in revenge. even the gods were disgusted. was there ever another ending to this? did you not expect tragedy?
And there’s just this delicious silence around hephaestion in renault. we barely see or hear him. we dont know him. he’s a footnote to alexander. alexander exists without him but he doesn’t exist without alexander. and he’s always been a shadow flitting around bagoas vision, already haunting both of them, already destined to death. no matter how much bagoas loves alexander, how he helps him become the Great King to a ridiculously big empire, it makes zero difference: hephaestion was first. haphaestion wears his lover’s armor. hephaestion will die and drag alexander with him.
also here is a whole website that not only has a shit ton of adventures and such but lets you search for any item or npc or whatever and see their stats and info at your fingertips
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