Jack Delano
Chicago and North Western Railway roundhouse in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942
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@least-worthless-treasures
Jack Delano
Chicago and North Western Railway roundhouse in Chicago, Illinois, December 1942

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Smoke the Moon, Nancy Friedland
Yall????? omfg???? If you're a historical artist you NEED to look at what I just found because A BUNCH OF ORIGINAL SOURCES ON CLOTHING RANGING FROM MEDIEVAL TIMES TO THE 20TH CENTURY??? WITH CLEAR PHOTOS AND VERBAL EXPLANATIONS??? AND THEY'RE SORTED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER WITHIN THE CENTURIES TOO????????
https://bloshka.info/
there's also this which also seems good but has less original sources and I haven't looked through as much :)
https://world4.eu/
whoever you are i hope both sides of your pillow are cold tonight TYSM
As someone who has a historical royal oc world this is gonna be such a help (plus my evichro art on my sideblog!! yo i can finally draw everyone in period-typical fits!! lets fuckin goooooo!)
Colourful paint pigments preserved in their original pots.
Antiquarium of Pompeii
Everybody say "thank you south america" for the humble potato
Actually let's get specific with it
*checks wiki*
Everybody say thank you indigenous people of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia from 7-10,000 years ago for the humble potato

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In archeology there are artifacts, which are items made or modified by humans, but there are also manuports, which haven't been modified but are found far from any possible origin point and there's no explanation besides somebody carried it there. Manuports include things like stones, fossils, and seashells, and have been found in deposits as much as three million years old.
So yeah, apparently the oldest human activity for which we have evidence is Picking Up Cool Rocks.
I was on a team that found a walrus tusk on a late IR2 site in central Jordan. We all knew what it was instantly, but just kind of sat there, telling ourselves stories about how it got there. It was plain and unmodified, and probably one of the coolest things the team ever found.
Every so often I come across yet another post hah hah only serious talking about the fey (by whatever name) in the modern world that totally fails to understand that your stainless steel cutlery has more and purer iron in it than anything available to a tenth century peasant, and certainly more than their nails or horseshoes.
Every stainless steel screw, nail, push tack, playground frame (yes most of those “plastic” playgrounds are built on a steel frame or if a titanium frame the bolts and screws are still steel), rebar), the zipper on your jeans -
Like look: Iron is actually so ubiquitous in modern life it’s INVISIBLE while being EVERYWHERE. If you WANTED to meet a creature sensitive to iron you would have to work to make sure you didn’t either invite them somewhere surrounded by it, or end up wearing it by accident.
Just a minor pet peeve.
Huh.
Whenever I see that kind of stuff I explain it away with “the carbon present in the steel renders the iron useless for that purpose”. It’s not perfect, of course, but I find it helps me.
Yeah so funny story: there is more carbon in most of the stuff we call “iron” (wrought iron, cast iron, pig iron, essentially anything less smelted and purified than steel) than there is in steel.
Carbon dissoves into iron very very easily in its liquid form. You don’t actually get steel by adding carbon to the ore; you get steel by removing all but a small and very specifically handled amount of carbon from the steel.
Like sure: carbon is part of what gives steel its particular qualities. But that carbon is already there in the ore, and inherent in the smelting process to get the ore to actually be iron, and to get good steel you actually remove most of the carbon and avoid adding much more, down to a few tenths of a percent.
[nb: sometimes the actual process of this, especially back when we literally only knew how to do things by trial-and-error and did not actually understand the atomic metallurgy involved, is a weird back-and-forth of adding carbon via charcoal and then burning it away, etc, and it gets complex; the result is still “get rid of most of the carbon” and making steel always involves removing carbon from the iron smelted from ore.]
(You might be able to argue that the chromium usually added for stainless interferes, but since the premise is usually that rust - ie oxidization - destroys the effects of iron and the chromium is added to prevent that …enh. And that still does nothing to non-stainless.)
So like sure: you can imagine that nothing but “pure” iron actually works, and any adulturation makes it useless. In which case just about nothing we have ever called “iron” or used as “iron” for most of human existence - absolutely including all of those “iron” bells, horseshoes, nails, and so on, that the legends are built around - counts as iron, because steel is quite literally the purest form of iron that has much functional use for us, and the iron we call “steel” has quite genuinely become purer and purer iron over the centuries, with all of the processes involved in making steel (especially not-stainless-steel) being based on removing the carbon already present (or avoiding the stuff that gets in naturally via the air in the process of smelting) and creating basically the purest that iron can get before it becomes soft and useless for anything except chemistry and magnetism.
So if an old iron nail, or an iron churchbell, or an iron crowbar, or any of the hundreds of things we call “iron” that have a higher amount of carbon in them than steel does count as “iron”, steel sure does. I know: late C20 urban fantasy lied to you. But still.
🤣 Maybe there has to be enough carbon in the iron for it to affect the fae. The stories about fae being affected by “iron” were presumably using the terminology of the time, so if “iron” practically meant the element iron in combination with large quantities of carbon, then that detail wouldn’t make it into the story unless 1) the person telling it knew there was a distinction to be made and 2) thought it was relevant for the listeners. Maybe all this refining to separate the carbon from the iron is making things more fae-friendly. 😉
Maybe it’s something else keeping the fae away in the modern day, and someday in the future someone will be picking apart stories about how you can kill the fae with, e.g., “pencil lead” (without specifying “(technically graphite)”) and wondering why the fae aren’t back since no one uses pencils anymore and there are laws to keep lead out of consumer products.
(Protagonist meets a fae a questions how steel doesn’t affect them. Fae: “Oh, yeah. You guys finally started getting the excess carbon out of this stuff. It used to be horrible but now it just makes me itch a little with too much exposure. Sometimes if it’s really poor-quality steel, I get a little bit of a rash.)
Oh I mean: it’s also worth noting that at the time most of the stories we actually get with some reliability these days (so around the turn of the last millennium and later - usually much later) were being put about, iron was specifically associated with a few things, and the fact that it was church bells was often, in the stories, really relevant - as was, often, the fact that it was horseshoes or iron nails, both of which were made by village blacksmiths, who were always acknowledged to be tricky magic folk and very possibly possessing power against things that wanted to hurt you.
And, despite the fondness of modern SF writers and others to neatly and tidily class various fey and other European folkloric creatures as all tricksy-false-dangerous-bad, OR all good-safe-friendly, OR even to be able to neatly state which kind are which based on rules … honestly in the past they ran the whole spectrum, depending on how each region, village or even family perceived things, and when the story got written down, and where anyone was on the most recent religious or social upheavals or … anything else. And some of them didn’t care that much about iron in general, but specifically reacted to the iron horseshoe, or iron nails, or iron bells, or …
When you actually dig into the folklore, especially digging into it with the same rigour that you do other parts of history and historical anthropology and archaeology, rather than just taking the eighteenth century compendiums (who really liked to homogenize if they could) at face-value, one actually finds a huge range of underlying assumptions in the folklore about how and why the iron or iron artefacts are working, and how much of the other part (that is: the holiness of the bell, the magic of the blacksmith, the power of the cunning man or woman who’s messing around with this stuff, even literally how and where the “supernatural” creatures fit into the predominantly devoutly Xtian landscape - and no it’s not always just as evil devils!) is important; it’s a big mess, because it’s folklore, not a rigorously thought out worldbuilding norm, and not subject to rigorous falsifiable investigation.
Folklore is usually messy like that.
My peeve is simply quite literally when people make a big fuss about iron and don’t realize how absolutely inundated we are with some of the purest forms of the stuff that we’ve ever had (and that have any utility).
#one interesting worldbuilding idea: what counts as iron is what people collectively agree is iron#the chemical content is irrelevant it’s the belief that counts#point the second: steel-type pokemon are super effective against fairy-types check and mate
hdu hide either of these in the tags I love them both XD XD <3
loving this pushback against the continued promulgation of early-modern cultural homogenization ty ty and also
fucking steel have i yelled lately about how it’s
it’s not a thing, it’s not–there’s not one thing you can point to can go ‘that’s steel’ even as much as you can say that i.e. copper and tin yield bronze, it’s just—–
like
you know why we can get it to do so many, wildly different things in different contexts, thin and springy or massive and rigid or–
you know why? you know???? because ‘steel’ is just a catch-all term for ‘iron we did some intense shit to.’
the intense shit varies! it necessarily involves extreme heat and control of carbon content, but the how much and how and when of these things is what you alter to get different results.
steel is iron that we have compelled to assume specific structures on the molecular level. depending on what we want from the iron those structures vary! it’s still iron, though. usually more iron than iron, as op has discussed. it’s just iron that we’ve tortured in especially exquisite ways. it’s just iron! what the hell! what the hell!
steel is a social construct.
I’m sorry “steel is a social construct” is officially my favourite thing said today you get the gold star except I’m on a keyboard where it’s hard to make stars.
loving this pushback against the continued promulgation of early-modern cultural homogenization ty ty and also
Like I have already spent years losing my shit about this on a mediaeval level thanks to, like, my degree but I am increasingly pushing that wayyyy forward into the earlymodern, yesss because fuck I’m literally not sure we should be calling 16th century folklore in Kent the same “English” folklore as 16th century York and it sure as shit ain’t the same as 16th century Cornwall and all of them have wildly different ideas of what’s going on with fairies (and ALAS we have such incredibly limited sources that we are not even sure what all they think was going on with them because it comes up only in very random and rare bits and pieces, often in court cases, without any other context)!
Would the iron in human blood also be enough to deter fae? Like I understand that they probably didn’t know our blood works by having iron in it when these things began, but still.
Also what about the iron present in most soil? Soil that doesn’t drain well usually has lots of reduced iron that is visible in the form of grey mottles. I’m from an area where the soil is bright red from clay content, so it’s not easy to see the other iron at first glance, but it’s there.
So in addition to the what society agrees as iron and considering the power blacksmiths are said to have, I would like to put forth the idea that the thing would also have to have been deliberately crafted/put there to be effective against the fae.
They absolutely did not know that Fe ions in our blood when the lore started, as that was demonstrated in the 1700s.
I mean from a fiction POV, you can literally do anything you want, and can also mess around with “how MUCH iron is too much?” “what does the iron actually DO?” and so on, because it’s literally garlic and vampires.
From a lore perspective, pick your poison: as noted multiple times, almost all of the folklore we have about this shit is actually derived from extremely and emphatically Christian sources so if you go back to them you’ll rapidly find that it’s as much the fact that it’s a cross, or a church bell, or been blessed by the priest, or the human using the iron thing is saying the Lord’s Prayer or the Hail Mary, or the bones of a saint are involved, or whatever. Because the actual folklore we have is from an aggressively Xtian era - or is being passed down through families (and is therefore idiosyncratic in the way these things are) with huge variation.
As I said: one of my foremothers would insist that all of the iron is worthless if you haven’t gotten it blessed. Another would insist that one was a dirty papist. Until someone can make some kind of rigorous repeatable trial and publish the results and the methodology, there’s gonna be some heavy unknowns, because there’s literally not a single authoritative source on this; just a lot of folklore and local traditions and story-lines.
Where does cold iron come into all this?
I mean in the real world cold iron is just iron. It’s a figure of speech, along the lines of “the taste of cold steel”, a referent to the fact that generally speaking if you’re not LITERALLY heating it up, iron (like many other metals) is cold to the touch.
An equivalent is the whole “eat hot lead” quip. The “hot lead” isn’t some special kind of lead. It’s just lead (in bullets)… .that is hot … .because it came out of a gun.
Various fantasy authors and RPGs have attempted to codify it, and people who really are determined to homogenize and solidify folklore into One Thing speculate endlessly on what it might be down to trying to insist it means a certain level of magnetization, but the actual phrase comes out of “iron - that is metal - generally feels cold, so this is an evocative way to talk about it in English.”
So if you really want to meet the fae, the place to go is an MRI room?
I think the idea of “cold iron”, or “cold-forged iron”, comes from the practical necessities of RPGs. “This creature is resistant to all weapons except those made of the material that pretty much all weapons are made of” isn’t going to fly.
But the folklore trope of the Fae Wife Who Cannot Touch Iron long predates the discovery of iron, or metals. There’s a Māori version of the tale, in which the substance whereby the human husband inadvertently banishes his wife is… cooked food. Which has spiritual associations in Māoritanga that I only know of as an outsider, but it shows how ancient the story must be.
Bertha Wegmann (1847 – 1926)
Dandelions
François Raty
I love your "they ring the same bells for weddings and funerals" tag bc I work as a bell-ringer at one of the few churches in my city where you still have to ring the bell manually. and we do ring the same bell whether it's a wedding or a funeral! but ☝️ we also ring it if the local sports team wins at sports (the secret third thing that is neither a wedding nor a funeral)
the three universal human experiences: love, death, and sports

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There were probably some medieval asexuals that were absolutely insufferable on their moral high horse about it. Like "this modesty shit easy - I haven't lusted over any man ever in my life and only fuck my husband out of duty from God and only so that we have children. I am so much better than any of you hoes."
And some other local goodwife would get sick of this and go "well obviously you don't have time for cock, Maergaret, since you're always too fucking busy choking on your own vanity and pride!" and have a smackfight that progresses into a full-on two-woman brawl in the town square. People gather around to watch this until a clergyman shows up to remind everyone that not only is this kind of brawl between good christians definitely a sin, it's also a sin for everyone who's watching to place bets on who's going to win.
This made me choke on my milk
Everyone entertained by this post PLEASE consider reading or listening to “How to Behave Badly in Elizabethan England: A Guide for Knaves, Fools, Harlots, Cuckolds, Drunkards, Liars, Thieves, and Braggarts” by Ruth Goodman it’s such a good look into how the culture of insults and politeness have changed over time and includes probably a dozen (??) actual incidents very like this^ and has legitimately some of the BEST strings of insults I’ve ever encountered, courtesy of a slew of Tudor and Stuart-era shitslingers
Hallstatt culture textiles from Hallstatt, Austria showing tartan and plaid patterns, which have been in use in Celtic Iron Age Europe for millennia and which survive today in the traditional garments of Scotland. Woven around 1200 BCE, these examples owe their unusual degree of preservation to their deposition in a salt mine.
CLOISONNÉ JAR - Meiji period, 1846-1927, JAPAN
Four-leafed glass door made by the Catalan artisan, carpenter and stained-glass maker Frederic Vidal around the year 1900. He was a master of the cloisonné technique of stained glass.
Some more of his work, all made around 1900:
And a beautiful example of his furniture:
(By the way, Frederic Vidal was the brother of the Modernist painter Lluïsa Vidal).
All the photos in this post are by the National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC), who exhibits his work.
Shoutout to the time my partner and I got so excited to see Ea-Nasir's hate mail in person that we failed to notice the Code of Hammurabi next to it
[ID: a cuneiform tablet displayed on glass, with a museum label that reads 'Complaint about delivery of the wrong grade of copper' - 'About 1750 BC (Old Babylonian Period), from Ur'. There is a larger tablet on the left, cut off by the border of the picture. End ID.]
some interesting things about our guy Ea-Nasir and his hate mail
1: the most famous one is the first one we found and it was by a person named Nanni. I just think we should remember the person who wrote it
2: we wound up finding like, a whole closet full of complaints about Ea-Nasir
3: I read translations of several of them as well as suplemental information on Ea-Nasir by the professionals that studied him, and it's been a while, but i will now tell you a summary of his life story to the best of my ability as i remember it
He started off early in his career becoming one of the main copper dealers working directly for the palace, where he built up a good reputation for himself.
Then he moved into being more of a middleman, buying the copper from the outlying city states and then selling it to his old contacts at the palace. And also on the open market. Soon he was dealing in both the wholesale ingots (which is what most of the complaints are about) and finished copper products direct to both smaller merchants and the general public - things like decorated copper pots etc.
At some point he wound up in one of the city states buying copper and stayed there.
It was the island city state of Dilmun, in the Persian Gulf, downstream from his hometown of Ur.
There is absolutely no evidence to say i am right about this next point, but i know how people work, and given what follows, i strongly suspect he got in with the wrong crowd and developed either a gambling problem or a drug problem (or it could have just been women and beach parties, but i do suspect drugs or gambling more)
Anyway, what we do know is that he sort of stopped coming back to his old city, and started running a sort of scam. I really think it was basically like the bernie madoff thing, he would say "if you give me the money, i can buy you the best copper at a good price" and someone would give him the money, and then he would spend that money, and then he would get really really hard to track down, and then when the person finally did track him down he'd be like "fine!"
So he'd get someone else to give him money for top shelf copper, then he'd spend like half that money on bottom grade copper and send the shitty copper to the person who was hounding him to complete his contract. That person would write an angry letter, often threatening legal action, and Ea-Nasir would basically be like "listen, you gave me money for 100 ingots of copper, i sent you 100 ingots of copper; if you don't want them now, that's on you"
He did this a lot. Two of the guys in charge of buying copper for the palace itself (his old job) had to buy good copper with money out of their own pocket after he took the palace money they gave him and sent shitty copper to the palace. And remember, he KNEW what the palace standards were.
At some point in all this he got himself a business partner, and one of the tablets is from this business partner, and it basically says "i'm sending you a good customer with good money who is exactly what this business needs. Please, please do not be the asshole you usually are."
Another complaint tablet i liked is like the third one this author is sending him and among other things it says "do you not know how tired of you i am?"
Anyway, as you can imagine, he burned all his bridges, ruined his reputation, and drove himself out of business. At which point he had to move back home. My guess is he left some angry loan sharks in Dilmun holding a large IOU when he bailed.
Then he tried to start a lot of other businesses. I think he opened a restaurant briefly? He even did some speculative real estate.
Somewhere in here, he had to sell some of his house to his neighbors. All the houses were touching, like, they all had shared walls like an apartment complex, so he basically plastered over the doors to, idk, half his house, and they knocked a door in one of the shared walls to access it, and just like that half his property became part of his neighbors' home. He must have been very broke.
In the end, he wound up running a second hand clothing store out of what was left of his home.
So that's the tale of Ea-Nasir, people really have been living the same stories since always, haven't we.
Anyway I think we should try to remember Nanni's name, the person who wrote the most famous of the complaint tablets
just wanted to add some pictures of Ea-Nasir's "hometown" the city state of Ur so you can get a sense of the setting
here it is today

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Armenian Endbanding practice, first core done, two to go. (Then the second endband)
Gizem Akdag