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In the dictionary📖, digital citizenship means the state of being skilled in using the internet in order to communicate with others, buy and sell things, and take part in politics, and understanding how to do this in a safe and responsible way📱🧠.

In this digital era🌐, digital citizenship plays a crucial role in guiding➡️ how to behave😶 and interact🙌 in the online world. However, a toxic place called social media has created a space for users to experience conflict, drama, and wars💥. Platforms such as Facebook🔵and Twitter⚫are great examples, it based on an algorithm system and moderated by users interested. The toxic user behaviour will write a long & short essay📝, offensive meme😂, toxic comment😡, cyberbully🤬other user on social media. This action reflects what Zizi Papacharissi (2010) states as the private sphere, where people create personal spaces to express their opinions and interact with the community💬.

Social Media Governance ⚖️

In Malaysia, we have The Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 (MCMC), which is Malaysia’s primary laws legislation that controls how online content and social media platforms📜.

Recently, the government announced that kids below 16 years old will be unable to use social media🚫📲.

🧠Critical Reflection

In my opinion, this is a good move from the government as now kids have been exposed to random and stupid "brainrot" content, advanced thinking than us. Banning social media basically makes the kid able to "touch grass"🌱.  

🎮Digital Conflict: Gacha Tribalism

Gacha Tribalism refers to players who are been loyalty to a specific gacha game🎮. Popular gacha games such as Hoyoverse games (Genshin Impact, Honkai Star Rail, Zenless Zone Zero), Kuro games (Wuthering Waves, Punishing Gray Raven), and other gacha games have a massive player base, where minority players compete and compare🤬their favorite gacha games.

What is Gacha Tribalism❓

Argue which game is better⚔️

Defend your favourite game🛡️

Compare how many pulls of both games per version🎯

Judge “free-to-play” vs “pay-to-win” players💸

Spread memes, drama, and comparisons online😂

These behaviors are considered as digital conflict, where popular gacha communities participate in tribalism and start a war💥.

📍Which platform will see Gacha Tribalism?

Every social media platform, but mostly came from Twitter.

🤔When does Gacha Tribalism Happen?

Usually, tribalism occurs when creators and players complain🤬about or praise😃the game's development on social media. Whether you are big or small gacha creators or knowledgeable players that involved in tribalism, this will be their target, then label you as a shill or bot, for example, "HoyoShill", "KuroBot".

Since major gacha games are PVE (Player vs Environment), players use their pulled character to kill⚔️the mobs. However, players are not able to fight⚔️the boss, particularly in the endgame mode, they complain🤬about power creep in their gacha games. So, they spread misinformation📝on social media that you should pull X character or/and Y character to defeat the boss🥊.

Last but no least is looking at the monthly gacha revenue📊💰. Although the statistics is generally just for reference, but some players use revenue chart to "prove✅" their favorite gacha game is generate📈more money💵than your. Then post it online and harass other gacha community. Hence, the tribalism begins the gacha war⚔️then attack other community on their favorite gacha game in social media🎮.

Comments such as: "This game is doom!", "EOS", "SEE! X game generate more money than Y game"

Even though this is from the minority, it creates emotional tension and frustration for players😡. This is where social media became a place to express their feelings🤬and join tribalism online🌐.

According to Ruotsalainen and Meriläinen (2023), he argues that toxic behaviour in gaming is situational and context-dependent. Gacha tribalism is to shape our emotional intensity based on game design and monetization, and community norms. This is where toxicity becomes more normalised🧠.

✨Conclusion

Digital citizenship is not just about using the Internet; it's also about being a good citizen online in environments where communication, entertainment, and conflict exist together🌐. Social media offers opportunities to express oneself💬and connect with others, but it also offers opportunities for toxicity😡, disagreement❌, and digital conflict🤬to spread. In the case of gacha tribalism⚔️, gaming communities illustrate the degree to which game design and monetization, alongside with revenue charts can escalate gaming players' debates🎮. Meanwhile, social media governance⚖️, including The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 in Malaysia, is to regulate and control the online content on social media📜. But all these rules don't suffice, since community culture and the algorithms operating on the platform influence the behavior of users. Thus, there is a need to develop a strong digital citizenship so that users will be able to engage in a critical, respectful, and responsible way to create a healthier online community🤝📱.

📚Reference

Hutt, D. (2026). Malaysia’s social media ban for minors sparks privacy debate. dw.com. https://www.dw.com/en/malaysias-social-media-ban-for-minors-sparks-privacy-debate/a-77403526

Wilder, C. (2024). What is digital citizenship and why is it important | CitizenSide. CitizenSide. https://citizenside.com/technology/what-is-digital-citizenship-and-why-is-it-important/

Wardle, H., & Zendle, D. (2021). Loot boxes, gambling, and problem gambling among young people: Results from a cross-sectional online survey. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 24(4), 267-274.

Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Polity.

Ruotsalainen, M., & Meriläinen, M. (2023). Young video game players’ self-identified toxic gaming behaviour: An interview study. Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture, 14(1), 147-173.

In this current Internet era, livestreaming🎥has become the biggest digital entertainment form. Platforms like YouTube🔴and Twitch🟣 allow creators to do livestreams and interact with audiences🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒in real time💬. Both platforms can livestream, but it serves differently. In this blog, I will cover on the livestream🎥model of YouTube🔴and Twitch🟣, and the rise of multistream🌐.

▶️YouTube Livestream Model

Main features is streaming🎥yourself in real time. People use YouTube live because it is the second most viewed platform in the world🌍. Most YouTube streamer stream🎥 a specific video game🎮based on their channel. Moreover, audiences use Super Chat💰to support their favorite creators, and creators are able to set the live chat to member or subscriber-exclusive. In order to get monetization🤑on YouTube, creators must join the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) from YouTube Studio.

📋The Requirements Are:

✅1,000 subscribers

✅Either 4,000 watch hours in the past 12 months or 10 million Shorts views in the past 90 days.

✅Residence in one of the eligible countries

✅Have an AdSense account

(source: YouTube)

💸How YouTube creators make money on YouTube live?

Something you may have ads displayed during live🎞️, YouTube uses AdSense, a Google advertisement program, to connect with your content. On an average, youtubers may expect to earn $18💵per 1000 ad views, but Youtube still keeps a revenue share of 45% of that money💵, meaning creators only get the average around $9.90💵 per 1,000 ad views (Vincenzini, 2026). The process🔄is very simple, the brand and advertisers use Cost Per Mille (CPM) or Cost-Per-Click (CPC) from AdSense as a bidding strategic. CPM ads charge🤑advertisers and pay💰creators based on impressions, while CPC ads are based on the number of clicks a video ad receives (Vincenzini, 2026). Another income is from the Super Chat💰. Basically, any audiences can donate some money💵to support their favorite creators which creates deep connections❤️between creators and audiences on YouTube livestream.

🟣Twitch Livestream Model

Similar to YouTube live, the main feature is to stream🎥yourself in real time. However, unlike YouTube live, Twitch has a diverse livestreaming culture🎮, and Twitch streamer has build their personalise contents to niche audiences👥. This step is very important, especially among the popular gamers🎮, because of its strong real-time interaction🔥on Twitch chat. Spamming emotes🗿🗿🗿in chat is very common. Twitch streamers and users👥are able to customize emotes for stronger engagement🔥in chat. On Twitch🟣, audiences are using bits💎and subscriptions💰to support their favorite Twitch streamer. It will appear on chat and screen when audiences purchased. In order to get monetization🤑on Twitch, Twitch streamer may be invited to join the Affiliate program.

📋The Requirements Are:

✅Reach 25 Followers

✅Stream for 4 Hours

✅Stream on 4 Different Days

✅Reach an Average of 3 Viewers (on 4 different days)*

Once the requirement is achieved, monetization features are enabled with a maximum of 5 accounts. If you exceed this limit, the system automatic remove from your account with the least active. Here are the features provided on Twitch:

(Source: Twitch)

💸How Twitch streamer make money?

First is subscription⭐. Starting at $4.99 with additional tiers at $9.99💵 and $24.99💵and Twitch streamers get 50% of each subscriptions fee💰(Luci, 2026). If you become popular Twtich streamer, you are able to negotiate for higher📈percentage of what you earn through subs alone (Luci, 2026). Second, gifted subs🎁and bits💎. Twitch streamer set sub goal visible on-screen and in panels 🖵(Luci, 2026). Gift sub can fastest growth because it bring new people into the “sub community”👥, create hype moments🔥, and reinforce social proof🫂 (Luci, 2026). For bits💎, viewers purchase💸the bits directly from the platform🟣without leaving the livestream while hangout with their favourite Twitch streamers. Each bits counts as a single USD penny💵 (Luci, 2026). As a bonus, users receive special Twitch badges for handing out their bits. Twitch users also can donate bits💎to their favourite streamers under the part of the affiliate program. Third, donations and tips💵. Using a third-party program like Streamlabs, viewers can give money💸to Twitch streamers via a donation (or tip) option on their channels(Luci, 2026). Establish a Twitch panel in your "about me" part or develop a chatbot command that will provide the link to make it simpler for viewers to pay to your channel. Lastly, ads revenue🎞️. Ads revenue generally generate between $1-10💵per thousands views, the ads revenue income will directly➡️receive through Twitch streamers (Luci, 2026). However, it is not worth❌ it as many users have adblocker to pass through➡️ads. This is where Twitch streamer are able to control how ads🎞️often run on their channels. Running advertisements too frequently will drive viewers away from your channel, so it's preferable to use them sparingly⌛.

🌐Multistream Model

Recently, many creators are starting multistream, where livestream is broadcast on multiple platform such as YouTube, Twitch, and Kick🚀.

Multistreaming allows creators to:

Reach wider audiences🌍

Increase visibility across platforms📈

Grow creator personal brand faster⭐

This reflect what Baym (2021) describe as creator culture, where creators not just simply produce content, creators are using multiple digital platforms to reach wider audiences and monetization opportunities📱💼.

✨Conclusion

Overall, YouTube and Twitch represent two different livestream formats. YouTube focuses on long-term growth, while Twitch focuses on live interaction and community engagement🤝. With the rise⬆️of multistreaming, creators no longer need to choose a suitable platform to livestream and reach niche audiences🌐✨.  

📚Reference

Baym, N. K. (2021). Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment. NYU Press.

Chillingworth, A. (2025). How stream on YouTube Live: Your guide | Epidemic Sound. This Is the Epidemic Sound Blog | Epidemic Sound. https://www.epidemicsound.com/blog/how-to-use-youtube-live/#what-are-youtube-lives-main-features 

Luci. (2026). How to make money on Twitch (2026): Realistic methods + first $50 plan. StreamScheme. https://www.streamscheme.com/how-to-make-money-on-twitch/ 

Murphy, C. (2025). How Twitch.Tv and its business model work. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/082115/how-twitchtv-works-and-its-business-model.asp 

Twitch (n.d.) About monetization on Twitch. https://help.twitch.tv/s/article/streamer-benefits?language=en_US 

Nowdays, filters have become a major feature in the online communication. Platfrom such as Instagram, and TikTok, allow user to change↔️ their appearance👧🏻👧🏻, particularly, face😉 by using beauty filters, face effects, and augmented reality (AR). Filters is able to make users to look prettier😍, younger🤗, and new digital identity😊. Many users👨‍👨‍👦‍👦use filters for fun, creativity, and self-expression, but have you heard filter can play game? 🤔

Indeed! You can play games on filter.

🎮Gameplay

The gameplay is simple, fun and interactive. Players must pronounce🗣️the English fruit🍎word properly while matching🟰 the correct world to a cross to the image shown on screen📱. The filter is using AR technology and facial tracking to create mini-game filters through social media platforms like Instagram, and TikTok.

🤔Is Filter Games Popular?

Yes, filter games are very popular🔥because of:

1️⃣Easy to access

2️⃣Simple, Fun and Interactive

3️⃣Perfect for Short-Form Video

4️⃣High Engagement & High Interaction

Users record🎥themselves while playing🎮the filter games and upload⬆️into social media platforms. This encourages high interaction across the digital communities💬🔥.

🧠Digital Culture

As McLuhan (1994) states that media technology not only just for communication purpose💬, but change how human perception🤔, behavior😶, and society👥. Based on the TikTok video📹, filters not only for editing✍️our appearance, but it also becomes as an entertainment😁section in the social media.

Instead of downloading a separate app to record🎥ourselves playing🎮filter games, the social media platforms have already provided several of filter for users👨‍👨‍👦‍👦to play🎮 and record🎥. With the help of AR, users can instantly take the filter games they want and play🎮, record🎥and share📤to friends. These filters feature change how entertainment is experienced in the digital era.

✨Conclusion

Overall, filter games show how filter has evolved beyond just change↔️ appearance into entertainment😁. Through current AR technology, filters have become a tool for gaming, creativity, and digital interaction🎮✨.

📚Reference

McLuhan, M. (1994). Understanding media: The extensions of man. MIT press.

Rauschnabel, P. A., Babin, B. J., Tom Dieck, M. C., Krey, N., & Jung, T. (2022). What is augmented reality marketing? Its definition, complexity, and future. Journal of business research, 142, 1140-1150.

In social media culture📱, users' identity and appearance are no longer fixed. Moreover, users are expressing themselves through social media to build a community🌐. Content such as fashion👠, makeup💄, cosplay, filters🎦, and online personas allows creators to modify their bodies👬. However, some users tend to use deepfake body modification to scam⚠️ people.

👤Real Life Example (Nanjing Sister Hong Incident)

Nanjing Sister Hong news went viral🔥, and gained massive attention online after Jiao disguised as a woman's on social media📲. According to the news📰, he secretly recording🎥sexual moments with more than 1000 of men👨🏻. Besides, he shared and sold online copy for charging 150 Yuan💸 membership to those men’s👨🏻without any knowledge. In the end, Jiao was placed under criminal detention by the Jiangning police on dissemination of obscene materials. This incident spread rapidly🔥across every social media platform📲, and users are posting their opinion/ discussion💬, creating memes😂 about the gender identity🧒🏻👧🏻and how they present online🌐.

This situation reflects Goffman's (2023) dramaturgical theory of self-presentation. He argues that social interactions🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒are like a performance💃 on a stage, with people enacting👀 various roles according to the situation and the audience. The key term is “sign vehicles”, meaning it conveys identity even before we speak🗣️(Goffman, 2023). Jiao disguised as a woman news shapes how they are perceived on the front stage.

🌈Transgender

Transgender refer to those people who live in another gender🧒🏻 🔄 👧🏻(Butler, 2004). Before that, I have a question for you: Do you agree with transgender people?

My answer is Agree.

People tend to be transgender because they may hate🤢their actual appearance or want to experiment🧪 with changing gender through living. Transgender people are still human; they have to survive. Some of my friends had transgender too, from woman to man, man to woman. When transgender user post something on social media, online audiences🧑‍🧑‍🧒‍🧒react🤔differently due to their different perspective. Some users support🟢self-expression and creativity, while some users criticise🔴other peoples appearance and challenge social expectation. This demonstrates how social media📲has evolved into a place where people can explore their identities👥and public judgment⚖️.

✨Conclusion

Nowadays, our appearance and identity are heavily connected to the current Internet culture🛜. Cases like Jiao show social media transforms how our personal expression to the public and seek our appearance and identity in the Internet era🌐.

📚Reference

Butler, J. (2004). Undoing gender. routledge.

China, R. (2025, July 8). He disguised as woman, secretly film private videos apprehended. https://www.referchina.com/2025/07/he-disguised-as-woman-secretly-film.html 

Goffman, E. (2023). The presentation of self in everyday life. In Social theory re-wired (pp. 450-459).

Plants vs Zombies [hereafter will be PVZ] was one of the most iconic tower defense games and my childhood game🎮.

Created by PopCap Games, the series was gaining a lot of love❤️for its fun gameplay. However, recent development show the company has become greedier💸.

An example is Plant vs Zombie Replanted, the remake version of the classic Plant vs Zombie has received criticism😡for missing nostalgic elements; some players accuse the game was using AI asset🤖, and lack of music🎵, sound effect🎶, and features🎮.

The addition of microtransactions, gacha systems, “pay-to-win” model 💰, and balance issues⚖️ in Plants vs. Zombies 2 and Plants vs Zombies 3 Evolved.

Because of this, fan-made PVZ mods became the only way for best PVZ experience and save the franchise. This is participatory culture (Jenkins, 2006), where fans are not just consume it. Instead, fan start to modify it themselves.

🌱 What PVZ mod I played? 

Two PVZ mod I played are PVZ2 Reflourished and PVZ Fusion, but I will talk about PVZ2 Reflourished🕒. PVZ2 Reflourished is an expansion mod that continue after the event of Modern Day34 in PVZ2. The mod introduced expansion level for each world, exclusive world🗺️, new plants🌱 and zombies🧟 from the Chinese version of PVZ2 and fan made plants.

Recently, Reflourished received an update which introduce Fairytale Forest, featuring news storyline📖alongside with new plants🌱 and zombies🧟.

🔥Why Make This Mods so Peak?

The mods so peak because of creativity and passion of the PVZ fan. Unlike the official version of PVZ2 which focused on monetisation, Reflourished prioritise and balance gameplay experience🎯.

PVZ2 Reflourished offer:

1️⃣No Microtransaction 💸🚫

2️⃣Rework plants ability for better strategy 🌱

3️⃣New zombie with new mechanics 🧟

4️⃣New world🗺️, levels and stories📖

5️⃣Balance changes in each update ⚖️

6️⃣Fan made music🎵

Instead of using paywalls model, Reflourished focus on strategy, enjoyment and progression. This allow players to experience the best PVZ experience🌻✨.

✨Conclusion

Overall, PVZ mods are an example of how the creative power of the fans can be used to save and enhance a beloved video game❤️🎮. Despite the official version fades, the community carries on PVZ alive through innovation, passion and shared nostalgia✨.

📚Reference

Duan, H., Liu, Y., & Cai, W. (2026). User-Generated Content and Editors in Games: A Comprehensive Survey. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications.

Jenkins, H. (2006). Welcome to convergence culture. Henry Jenkins, 19, 1-6.

What is Private Sphere❓

According to Zizi Papacharissi (2010), the idea of private sphere refers as an online space that blur between public and private boundaries🌐. For example, people create personal spaces to express💬their opinion, and interact👏 with the community. Social media platform likes Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok stand a chance for users constantly express and build a public sphere online ✨.

“Public sphere” is something that does not exist on the Internet, according to Zizi Papacharissi (2010). Instead, digital media have established a “private sphere”, where people interact👏with media in their personal and individual habitats🏠.

Nowadays, people not just consume😋the media, they engage😍with media through online. For example, posting such as lifestyle content, and emotional experience, express opinions like political issues, and generating content like user-generated content (UGC) while still being treated as personal spaces from the platform. This is an example of the (private) individual and public engagement within digital communication 📸🎥.

👜 Real Life Example (Gucci Bag Lady)

(Image Source: Douyin)

讲中文！No English! China! OK!!

✈️ Brief of the Situation

On 22 April 2026, a Chinese passenger was boarding an AirAsia flight✈️ from Chongqing to Kuala Lumpur. When the flight was starting to fly, she still continued calling on his smartphone📱. Then, another passenger who was Malaysian remind him to stop🚫calling, but she scolded😡that passenger while also scolded😡the cabin crew for not speaking Chinese. This cause a 1.5 hour flight delay⏰.

Gucci Bag Lady went Viral🔥

This incident went viral🔥immediately across every social media platform. This closely relates to Zizi Papacharissi's (2010) theory of private sphere. Users began creating memes😂, reacting🤣and recreating📹the situation, debating about language💬, and expressing their opinions💬. The case emphasizes public identity and social media and the rapid build-up of digital reputations and social narratives via internet culture📲🔥.

✨Conclusion

Overall, a private sphere by Zizi Papacharissi (2010) shown how social media has shifted from private sphere into a hybird space. In today online culture, private sphere is longer private anymore, it has been a part of the network in the digital era🌐.

📚 Reference

Frade, C. (2025). Social theory and the digital: The institutionalisation of digital sociology. Acta Sociologica, 68(1), 41-56.

Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Polity.

Sebastião, S. P. (2013). Zizi Papacharissi (2010, Malden, MA: Polity Press), A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age. Comunicação E Sociedade, 23, 306–309. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.23(2013).1631 

📢 Before I discuss this topic, let’s talk about the history of blogging and it became mainstream.

📝 History of the Blog

In mid 1990s, the very first blogs appeared, but back then, it wasn’t called “blog”. In 1994, a student named Justin Hall created “Links.net” 🔗. It is a website scattered throughout writing and is able to link to other pages 💻.

After three years, in late 1997, Jorn Barger, the editor of Robot Wisdom, coined the term “Weblog”. He describes a blog as a “log” of interesting links and websites 🔗.

In 1998, Open Diary launched, aiming for a personal online journalism community. In the same year, The Charlotte Observer blog launched, it was the first blog on a mainstream news site 📰.

In 1999, Programmer Peter Merholz shortened Jorn Barger term “Weblog” to “blog”.

LiveJournal and Blogger were launched simultaneously as an early dedicated blogging platforms ✍️. From 2002 to 2006, is a turning point for blogging to become mainstream. First is the US politician 🏛️plays a key role of blog. Then, it was during the 2002 midterm elections that many candidates use blog as a campaign, and a source of news 🗳️.

📝 ->📱 From Hobby to Mainstream

Blogging was mainly for a personal hobby. People created blogs based on their interests. Platforms like Blogger, WorldPress and social media platform like Tumblr made everyone can publish their own blog easily 📱. With the⏫of social media, blogging has become a mainstream medium rather than an online diary. Bloggers create blogs and start building their communities through their content. It is a creator culture as Cunningham and Craig (2021) state, where creator use digital platform to create cultural production to entrepreneurial self-branding, and reshape the platforms' economies and algorithmic systems 🌍✨.

📲 The Rise of Tumblr (Microblogging Era)

In early 2010, Tumblr played an important role in the social media landscape. Due to Tumblr being able to let users self-express and build community safety, the platform gained popularity among the younger generation and the LGBTQ+ community 🧒🏻 👧🏻. In 2013, Tumblr 📈 100 million blog and user base⏫rapidly. In May 2013, Tumblr generated $ 1.1 billion revenue💰, which surpass Yahoo growth revenue.

🎭 Tumblr Case Study

One aspect of Tumblr is the fandom communities. Active reading by the user, rather than passive reading, to create meaning. Fans edit ✨, compile🎬, make GIFs, make memes🤣, and make comments📝 that are reblogged🔁 and hated under #️⃣. This is a participatory digital culture🤝 where users can build identity, strong emotional connections, creativity, and activism around shared media interests (Hillman et al, 2014). Tumblr reshaped how modern blog pratices and later social media fandoms of participatory culture and online communities.

✨ Conclusion

From Justin Hall’s Links.net to worldwide blogging fandoms like Tumblr. Blogging has evolved from a personal pastime into a virtual world of creation, identity, and influence🌐. Nowadays, blogging is no longer just writing for personal interests; it's sharing opinions, remixing content, and joining digital communities 💬✨.

📚 Reference

Austin, S. (2024). The history of blogging: From niche hobby to global influence - Marketing Scoop. Marketing Scoop. https://www.marketingscoop.com/marketing/the-history-of-blogging-from- niche-hobby-to-global-influence/ 

Blood, R. (2000). Weblogs: A history and perspective.

Cunningham, S., & Craig, D. (2021). Creator rights and governance. Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment, 271-289.

Hillman, S., Procyk, J., & Neustaedter, C. (2014). Tumblr fandoms, community & culture. In Proceedings of the companion publication of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing (pp. 285-288).

Who is She? 👩‍🍳

She is Jaime a social media influencer. Her homeland is Malaysia but live in New York. His social media username is igumdrop and her account has 742K followers in Instagram and 571.7K followers in TikTok 📱. His major content is cooking 🍳, but she also does cosplay 👧🏻, dancing 💃, and lifestyle 📷 content in her social media account.

What Happen on Jaime❓ 

Last few days, she attends the MasterChef program. She represents Malaysia to cook a Malaysian dish to the judges. She cooks a wagyu beef satay 🍢 to the judges and the judges provide a good review about his dish. In the end, the judges congratulate she and achieve the MasterChef apron 👏🎉.

Here the video:

🤔Critical Reflection

When I watch this video, I was praising ❤️ her effort for bringing Malaysia cuisine in a global stage. This is a cultural representation, as Wykes mention is a signifying practice, which shape how audiences understand people, events, and identities (Hall et al,2024). Moreover, her cooking skill in the video🎬, has proven that her cooking goes beyond social media content. As a Malaysian, I am very proud on her dish and was able to get the MasterChef apron 👏🎉.

👥 The Community

Since this video gain a lot of viewers 👥, let talk about the community online 🌐. Based on the comment section in TikTok and Instagram, the community congratulate her and very positive towards this video. Here are some comments:

This is a convergence culture (Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M. ,2006), where social media influencers are not limited to just only online, they can also cross into traditional media like television📺. Moreover, Jaime joins this program reflect a shift in media landscape✨.

💫 Conclusion

Overall, her story is not about just her personal success, is about the journey that she across. Hope your dream to open a food truck with your dad can come true 🚚🍴.

📚 References

Hall, S., Evans, J., & Nixon, S. (2024). Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices.

Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M. (2006). [Rev. of Convergence culture: where old and new media collide]. New Media and Society, 8(4), 691–698.

Khamis, S., Ang, L., & Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding,‘micro-celebrity’and the rise of social media influencers. Celebrity studies, 8(2), 191-208.

Leaver, T., Highfield, T., & Abidin, C. (2020). Instagram: Visual social media cultures. John Wiley & Sons.

#JusticeForZara is the hottest activism and news in Malaysia in last year.

⚠️ Overview of the Situation

On 16 July 2025, a 13-year-old Malaysian Malay student, Zara Qairina Mahathir study at a boarding student in Papar, Sabah. She was experienced on bullying in school and was believed to have fallen from the third floor of her dormitory. Her body was unconscious found in a drain at 3:00a.m. The next day, she died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital due to severe brain injuries 💔.

Why it is Matter ❗

In past cases, Malaysia is very neglect on child abuse cases, Zara’s death captured a strong attention like few others. It exposes the failure of student safety in school 🏫.

🌐 The Community Feedback & Online Activism

The activism been organized with the slogan JusticeForZara on road street to protest in Malaysia. This rally is to demand for justice, express their feelings, and key message, such as:

🪧 “We Reject Bullying”

🪧 “Justice For Zara Qairina”

🪧 “Justice Is Not To Be Silenced”.

In online, the hashtag #️⃣JusticeForZara went viral. The community created video, photo, and music to relate the incident and participate this online activism. This hashtag has dominated in social media 📲with over 114000 posts within weeks of this incident.

The hashtag #️⃣JusticeForZara not just trending in Malaysia, it also spread across international like Thailand, Japan, Indonesia and other country. To protest, demand and express for Zara in their own countries.

🏛️⚖️Political Sides

This activism has also drawn some political leaders, including our Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim, vowed a transparent and uncompromising probe, while the Minister of Education, Fadhlina Sidek, faced significant pressure and tell him to resign this profession. Moreover, other political party include PKR and Warisan, deliver impassioned speeches calling for truth, justice, and an end to violence against children. The political leaders in Sabah is largely focused on balancing public demand for justice with institutional stability.

✨ Conclusion

The #️⃣JusticeForZara movement came to the conclusion that Malaysian families can no longer choose to remain silent. Now, the country has already moved toward a zero-tolerance mentality for institutional negligence and bullying 🤝.

📚 Reference

Kumaran, R. (2025). Justice for Zara: Tragedy, outrage, and the movement shaking Sabah – MalaysiaScoop. https://malaysiascoop.com/2025/08/18/justice-for-zara-tragedy-outrage-and-the-movement-shaking-sabah/ 

Times, N. S. (2025). Netizens worldwide rally for justice for Zara Qairina. NST Online. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2025/08/1259767/netizens-worldwide-rally-justice-zara-qairina 

Mail, M. (2025). ‘Justice for Zara’ gains momentum in Labuan as thousands in black demand truth and end to bullying (VIDEO). Malay Mail. https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2025/08/10/justice-for-zara-gains-momentum-in-labuan-as-thousands-in-black-demand-truth-and-end-to-bullying-video/187132 

Online, S. (2025). Shouts of “Justice for Zara” echo as crowds rally in KL, Ipoh. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/08/16/shouts-of-039justice-for-zara039-echo-as-crowds-rally-in-kl-ipoh 

📺 Overview of American Ninja Warrior

American Ninja Warrior is a reality TV competition program. It initially based on a Japanese reality TV show, Sasuke (Amrutsagar, P. ,2021).

Here the video clips:

The show consists of high skates and globally famous obstacles and challengers must use their ability to complete intense obstacles courses. Moreover, this franchise has expanded globally, especially in English-speaking countries like the US, UK, and Australia.

🔥Why is it Popular in Western Countries?

The show present an extreme difficulty challenge for participants to complete (Hunter, R. ,2017). Even though, we think is easy, but reality is actually hard. It also connect with their fitness culture, viewers not just watch the show, they feel motivated to train (Bruno, L. E., & Farrell, A, 2017) 🏋️‍♂️.

At the same time, the show deliver fact pace and personal backstory for every contestant to fulfill the entertainment🎭. Lastly, the influence of social media📱(Palos, 2025), for example, present highlights video on YouTube to reach wider audiences beyond TV.

How did the Digital Communities Develop from TV Shows to Social Media? 📺-》📱

American Ninja Warrior community has become more active, especially in the digital era. For example, an obstacles runs clips 🎬 went viral on social media, it attract global viewers. Furthermore, fan interaction and online fandom is indispensable thing. By using #️⃣hashtags, 📝viewers comment, 😀react, follow their favorite athletes🤾, and create a discussion page to keep the show alive. Since this show is about fitness, viewers when watching this show, they can inspire to do training and encourage fitness become the next ninja warrior. This expand the fitness communities to a new level.

✨ Conclusion

The show becomes from reality TV show to participatory culture (Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M, 2006), where audiences don’t just watch, they create, share, and belong 🤝. 

📚 Reference

Amrutsagar, P. (2021). The history of American Ninja Warrior. About Insider. https://aboutinsider.com/the-history-of-american-ninja-warrior/ 

Bruno, L. E., & Farrell, A. (2017). PE ninja warrior: designing an American ninja warrior unit for physical education. Strategies, 30(6), 20-32.

Eriksson, G. (2022). Promoting extreme fitness regimes through the communicative affordances of reality makeover television: a multimodal critical discourse analysis. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 39(5), 408-426.

Hunter, R. (2017). Human vs obstacles: why is 'Ninja Warrior' gripping the world? SBS What’s On. https://www.sbs.com.au/whats-on/article/human-vs-obstacles-why-is-ninja-warrior-gripping-the-world/47uvudphp 

Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M. (2006). [Rev. of Convergence culture: where old and new media collide]. New Media and Society, 8(4), 691–698.