If you want to learn to walk a tightrope, it’s a good idea to go for a short run after each practice session. That’s because a recent study in NeuroImage demonstrates that exercise performed immediately after practicing a new motor skill improves its long-term retention. More specifically, the research shows, for the first time, that as little as a single fifteen-minute bout of cardiovascular exercise increases brain connectivity and efficiency. It’s a discovery that could, in principle, accelerate recovery of motor skills in patients who have suffered a stroke or who face mobility problems following an injury.

So you want to be an organic chemist? Well, learning about hydrocarbons such as alkanes is a good place to start…

Alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons, meaning that each of the series differs by -CH2 and that the compounds contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only. Carbon atoms in alkanes have four bonds which is the maximum a carbon atom can have - this is why the molecule is described to be saturated. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between the carbon atoms.

The general formula of an alkane is CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbons. For example, if n = 3, the hydrocarbon formula would be C3H8 or propane. Naming alkanes comes from the number of carbons in the chain structure.

Here are the first three alkanes. Each one differs by -CH2.

Shorter chain alkanes are gases at room temperature, medium ones are liquids and the longer chain alkanes are waxy solids.

Alkanes have these physical properties:

1. They are non-polar due to the tiny difference in electronegativity between the carbon and hydrogen atoms.

2. Only Van der Waals intermolecular forces exist between alkane molecules. The strength of these increase as relative molecular mass increases therefore so does the melting/boiling point.

3. Branched chain alkanes have lower melting and boiling points than straight chain isomers with the same number of carbons. Since atoms are further apart due to a smaller surface area in contact with each other, the strength of the VDWs is decreased.

4. Alkanes are insoluble in water but can dissolve in non-polar liquids like hexane and cyclopentane. Mixtures are separated by fractional distillation or a separating funnel.

The fractional distillation of crude oil, cracking and the combustion equations of the alkanes will be in the next post.

SUMMARY

Alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons. Carbon atoms in alkanes have four bonds which is the maximum a carbon atom can have - this is why the molecule is described to be saturated. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between the carbon atoms.

The general formula of an alkane is CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbons.

Shorter chain alkanes are gases at room temperature, medium ones are liquids and the longer chain alkanes are waxy solids.

They are non-polar.

Only Van der Waals intermolecular forces exist between alkane molecules. The strength of these increase as relative molecular mass increases therefore so does the melting/boiling point.

Branched chain alkanes have lower melting and boiling points than straight chain isomers with the same number of carbons.

Sometimes, when we are presenting, our bodies act completely irrationally. Sweating, stuttering, or just shutting down completely are all things I have encountered during public speaking; behaviour that is usually connected to extreme danger and fleeing behaviour. Completely unnecessary, as your teacher won’t kill you (hopefully), but trying to convince your body to be just as rational is a tough task. Turns out that this is exactly what we’re going to do. 

The basis for this (personal) advice all lies in my musical training, where posture is extremely important. Performance practice lessons have taught me one important thing: you can trick your body into thinking it’s okay, and with that, your audience. disclaimer: I have posted this information before in a slightly different way. Regard this as an updated version. Hopefully one with better spelling.

hoooooow???

Stand up and try to follow these instructions. I’m your only audience right now, so mistakes aren’t a problem. 

Start by relaxing your shoulders. Many people tense their shoulders when they’re anxious, which is a very natural reaction. However, tension in your shoulder automatically reaches through to your back and arms, and even your neck, tensing up your entire upper body. It’s confirming to your brain that yes! this is scary! Well, brain is wrong and we’re going to prove it wrong by relaxing our shoulders. Just let them hang down (make sure you don’t start leaning forward though, it should be just your shoulders). Doesn’t that immediately feel more relaxed?

Keep your feet a little bit apart, firm on the ground. This sends the message to your brain and audience that a single push will not have you fall over. Standing with your legs closely together simply isn’t as stable, and you want to radiate stability and confidence. Even if you’re feeling dizzy, this simple way of pretending will keep your feet on the ground. Literally. 

Chin up, back straight, eyes at the audience. I used to tend to look at the ground, or to lean forward. No, no no! You want to maintain an open posture, and to address the entire audience. When you do this, you’ll look more secure, and maybe you’ll even notice people will listen to you more closely. Make sure you address the entire room, and not just one spot. if you’re scared to look at faces, look at the back wall. But not just one spot, find some nice different wall spots to look at. 

What to do with your hands? I know I used to put my hands in my pocket, or fidget with something. Instead, try to talk with your hands more. When you’re using gestures, people will usually pay more attention to what you’re saying, and they’ll sometimes understand more easily (if you’re interested as to why, message me). 

Do not hide. This is special advice to musicians, too. I used to hide behind my music stand because it was nice and safe. During public speaking it’s easy to hide behind some notes or to stand behind other people of your group, maybe. Don’t. Remember, fake the confident posture till you make it. 

When you’re finished, don’t stop pretending just yet. When people ask how it went, always say it went okay. This is so so so important! Because if you’d say “ugh it was awful!! So many things went wrong, I suck at presenting!” they’ll start thinking hmm, yeah, there were indeed some mistakes… Could have been better. Whereas if you just say it was okay or good, or even decent, they’ll hardly even question it and will most likely remember the positive aspects, as humans tend to do. 

I promise this works, at least to some extent. It may not help you get rid of anxiety right away, especially in really severe cases, but it can help you feel more at ease in front of a group. After that, you can start working on other things, such as volume, intonation, powerpoint use etc. 

Just take a few seconds before you start talking to breathe, focus on those muscles, and to follow this with an amazing presentation (and a good grade). 

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Here are 100 scholarships to choose from:

Unless otherwise stated, all minority scholarships are applicable to women from underserved ethnic groups, including African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans and Asians.

Arts Scholarships

Girls* Who Illustrate Awesomeness Scholarship 

Apply here.

Blanche E. Coleman Foundation Scholarship 

For more information contact the foundation using this information.

National Society of Arts and Letters Scholarships

Apply here.

Bev Sellers Scholarship

Learn more here.

BMI Foundation: John Lennon Scholarship 

Apply here.

Worldstudio Foundation AIGA Scholarship

Apply here.

Women in Film Foundation Scholarship Learn more here.

Education Scholarships

Nancy Larson Foundation College Scholarship Apply here.

Minority Doctoral Loan For Service Apply here.

National Academy of Education Spencer Dissertation Fellows Apply here.

STEM Scholarships

Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Apply here.

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National Institutes of Health Undergraduate Scholarship Program Apply here.

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Fundación Kinesis Scholarships Learn more here.

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Questbridge Scholarship Learn more here.

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United Negro College Fund Learn more here.

DAR American Indian Scholarship Learn more here.

Frances Crawford Marvin American Indian Scholarship Learn more here.

Business Scholarships

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Minorities in Hospitality Scholars Program Learn more here.

RICOH Scholarship Program Learn more here.

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Social Science Scholarships

ASA Minority Fellowship Program Apply here.

Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program Apply here.

Harry S. Truman Scholarship Amount: $30,000 | Application Deadline: February Apply here.

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Fellowship on Women and Public Policy Amount: $31,000 | Application Deadline: September Apply here.

Jennings Randolph Peace Scholarship Dissertation Program Amount: $20,000 | Application Deadline: November Apply here.

Judith McManus Price Scholarship Apply here.

Thomas R. Pickering Undergraduate & Graduate Foreign Affairs Fellowship Amount: Up to $37,500 | Application Deadline: December Apply here.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Scholarship Award Learn more here.

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Law Scholarships

American Bar Association Jeanne P. Gray Diversity Scholarship Learn more here.

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NALP Diversity Scholarships Amount: Up to $30,000| Application Deadline: Varies here.

Sidney B. Williams Scholarship Apply here.

Communications Scholarships

The Jacqueline Woodson Fellowship for a Young People’s Writer of African or Caribbean Descent Learn more here.

Proofreading.com Scholarship Apply here.

The LAGRANT Foundation Scholarships Apply here.

Leonard M. Perryman Communications Scholarship for Racial Ethnic Minority Students Apply here.

National Press Club Scholarship for Journalism Diversity Apply here.

Chips Quinn Scholars Program Apply here.

Allison E. Fisher Scholarship Apply here.

Emma Bowen Foundation Fellowship Learn more here.

source

The list with more art scholarships – here: http://www.scholarshipsforwomen.net/art/

I’m so happy more opportunities are coming up! Scholarships are in effect a gift of free cash. Free cash is very popular in every society and nation. So the applicant and recipient of scholarship money has worked very hard and has much to offer our society and is a deserved winner. It is still a free cash gift… GET IT! 

These presentations shows you how to write a winner scholarship:

application:http://www.thefreeschool.education/scholarships.html