#qp

Coffee is the second most valuable primary commodity in the world, only below oil. The industry generates 60 billion dollars annually, but of that, only 10% ends up in the hands of the peasants who grow the coffee. Also in the cocoa market, producers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, who supply nearly half of world output, habitually obtain less than 10% and even less than 5% of the final sale price. In fact, while the proportion of total income received by producers has been declining for decades, the European countries that re-export this same cocoa enjoy, by contrast, growing profits: between 1965 and 1989, African producers earned 34% less per kilogram exported than European re-exporters; between 2000 and 2010, this gap had already grown to 76%. Likewise, between the 1970s and the 2000s, the markup on African coffee re-exported from Europe rises from 50% to 300%, allowing European firms to re-export each kilo of coffee with an average markup of 4.11 dollars over its import price. According to a report issued by the International Coffee Organization (ICO), this commodity contributed, in 2009, some 31 billion dollars to the economy of the nine principal importers, a figure that doubles the total export earnings obtained by the 40 producing countries registered with the ICO.

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