#prescriptive

Readings from Alesandro Duranti

Introduction 

We humans have the innate ability to learn language. Language plays a role in people lives. Studying language goes beyond grammar as we use it to yield social action. 

Context, manner of using language is culturally mediated. 

Linguistic anthropology - is one of anthropology’s subfields that primarily focused on the theory and practice of language.

Means to study language -> utterances -> shape meanings -> language produced 

key people: Dell Hymes; Marcel Mauss; Antoine Meillet; Claude Levi-Strauss; Roger Brown; Leonard Bloomfield; 

Goals of Linguistic Anthropology: 

1. Importance of Language through the understanding of culture and society 

2. Relevance of cultural and social phenomena of understanding of languages 

Synonyms: Anthropological linguistics; Sociolinguistics; diverged meanings, different roots/history related but separate research enterprises. 

Anthropological Linguistics v. Linguistic anthropology 

William Foley - subfield of linguistics; concerned with the place of language in its wider social and cultural context; role in forging and sustaining cultural practices and social structures. 

Chomskian Revolution: encouraged “autonomous” models of grammar and discourage the study of cultural or sociological dimensions of language. 

Main Concerns of Anthropological Linguistics 

(1) documentation of grammatical structures of indigenous languages without writing. 

(2) language as the medium (myths, historical narratives could take form) 

(3) use of language as a window on culture (worldview or weltanschauung)

!!! - many anthropologist still take language for granted, they define language as a mere transparent medium for culture. 

Mainstream Linguistics - fundamentally concerned with structures of languages or grammar rather that who those who use it [speakers] 

Ethnoscience - studying nomenclatures and taxonomies (animals, plants, types, of disease, etc.); genetic relations among languages (comparative method); impact of culture on language (euphemism, taboos, sacred or respectful terms) 

Technical Linguistics - use of linguistic data for research; “cultural studies without linguistic consideration tend to be narrowly sociological rather than broadly anthropological” 

Linguistic Anthropology - 1870s, designate a distinctly anthropological approach to the study of language. [Hymes]; study of language within the context of anthropology.

concerns: (1) study of language - central part of anthropology; (2) broaded study of language beyond grammatical structures - forms in relation to the context of their use. 

AKTU MBA Lectures Playlist for All Subjects KMBN101 : Management Concept and Organisational Behaviour Lectures … source

Business analytics leveraging data patterns for strategic moves comes in three key approaches – descriptive identifying “what has occurred", predictive forecasting “what could occur” and prescriptive recommending “what should occur” to optimize decisions. We decode the science behind each for aspiring analytics professionals.

Descriptive analytics convert volumes of historical data into insightful summaries around metrics revealing business health, customer trends, operational efficiencies etc. using direct analysis, aggregation and mining techniques producing current reports. 

Predictive analytics forecast unknown future probabilities applying statistical, econometric and machine learning models over existing data to minimize uncertainties and capture emerging behaviors early for mitigation actions. Risk models simulate scenarios balancing upside/downside tradeoffs. 

Prescriptive analytics take guidance one step further by dynamically recommending best decision options factoring in key performance indicators for business objective improvements after predicting multiple futures using bell curve simulations. Optimization algorithms deliver preferred actions.

While foundational data comprehension and wrangling abilities fuel all models – pursuing analytics specializations focused on statistical, computational or operational excellence boosts career-readiness filling different priorities global employers seek!

Posted By:

Aditi Borade, 4th year Barch,

Ls Raheja School of architecture