#forensicknowledge

Question- What is Computer Forensics? Answer- Computer forensics applies forensics procedures to digital evidence. This process involves systematically accumulating and analyzing digital information for use as evidence in civil, criminal, or administrative cases. Computer forensics differs from network forensics, data recovery, and disaster recovery in scope, technique, and objective.

Question- What should you know to become a successful Computer Forensic Investigator? Answer- To be a successful computer forensics investigator, you must be familiar with more than one computing platform. To supplement your knowledge, develop and maintain contact with computer, network, and investigative professionals.

Question- What is Different Between Private Computer Investigation and Public Computer Investigation?

Question- What is Crime Scene Sketch?

Answer- A crime scene sketch is a permanent record of the size and distance relationship of the crime scene and the physical evidence within it. The sketch serves to clarify the special information present within the photo-graphs and video documentation, because the other methods do not allow the viewer to easily gauge distances and dimensions. A sketch is the most simplistic manner in which to present crime scene layout and measurements. Photographer /camera positions may be noted within a sketch also.

Question- Why is a sketch important to crime scene documentation?

Answer- ■ It accurately portrays the physical facts.

■ It relates to the sequence of events at the scene.

■ It establishes the precise location and relationship of objects and evidence at the scene.

■ It helps to create a mental picture of the scene for those not present.

■ It is a permanent record of the scene.

■ It usually is admissible in court.

■ It assists in interviewing and interrogating.

■ It assists in preparing the written investigative report.

■ It assists in presenting the case in court. Well-prepared sketches and drawings help judges, juries, witnesses, and others to visualize the crime scene.

Question-When should sketches be made?

Answer- Sketch all serious crimes and accident scenes after photographs have been taken and before anything is moved.

Sketch the entire scene, the objects, and the evidence.

Question- How many types of sketches are made of crime scene?

Questions- What is difference between Poison, Toxin And Venom?

Answer- Poison, toxin, venom are terms for any substance that injures the health or destroys life when absorbed into the system. ☣ Poison: Poison, in biochemistry, a substance, natural or synthetic, that causes damage to living tissues and has an injurious or fatal effect on the body. ☣ Toxin: A toxin is a poison produced by an organism. ☣ Venom: Venom is especially used of the poisons secreted by certain animals, usually injected by bite or sting.

Question- What quantity of a poison would be necessary to produce a lethal out-come in a human victim?

Question- What are the 3 types of photographs that need to be taken at a crime scene?

Answer- all crime scene photography consists of three basic types of photographs: 1.) Overall Photography 2.) Mid-range photography 3.) and, Close-up Photography.

📷 Long Range/Overall Photography: It Provides an overview of the scene establishing the location of the crime, to include addresses, street signs, business names, landmarks, outside and surrounding areas. Indoors, this includes photographs of a room from all four corners to show the layout of the room and furnishings. 📸 Mid-Range Photography: It Provides a view of spatial relationships of items and evidence within the scene.

📷 Close-up Photography: It Provides detailed photographs of individual items of evidence. If possible, should be taken at a 90 degree angle to the subject.

📐Scaled/Comparison Photography: Close-up photographs that include a ruler provide scaled, detailed documentation of individual items of evidence. They are necessary in order to produce an accurate one-to-one photographic reproduction to use for examinations or comparisons. 📏 The scale may be marked with the photographer’s initials and employee number, the LIMS number or offense number, and the date in a way that does not interfere with the markings on the scale.

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Analysis of Fiber Colors and Dyes

➿ The vast majority of fibers used in commercial applications are colored.

➿ Fiber color is one of the most important properties in the comparison of fibers.

〽️ There are a variety of methods for characterizing the color of the dyes in the fibers. They fall into three major categories:

1.) Visual:The visual method is the simple observation and comparison of the fiber colors by use of the unaided eye. Visual comparison is easy, fast, accurate and non- destructive. It is a crucial first step in any fiber comparison, as many otherwise similar fibers can be excluded from consideration by color.

2.) Chemical:Chemical methods, which include thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, address the make-up of the dyes used to color the fiber. (This latter statement is an important distinction: analyzing the color of a fiber is not the same as analyzing the dyes used to color that fiber.)

Cartridge Cases

📌 Cartridge cases are usually made of brass, a composition of 70% copper and 30% zinc.

📌Less commonly, they are made of steel or aluminum.

📌 Zinc andplastic materials have been used experimentally.

📌 Brass, plastic, and paper are used for shot-shell tubes.

📌 The main function of the cartridge case is to expand and seal the chamber against rearward escape of gases when the cartridge is fired. When a brass cartridge is fired in a weapon, the gas pressure produced by the burning of the propellant expands the case tightly against the walls of the chamber. If the brass is tempered to the correct hardness, it will spring back to approximately its original dimensions and make the case easy to extract. If the brass is too soft, it will not spring back and will make extraction difficult. If the brass is too hard, brittle, it will crack.

👉 There are three general shapes for cartridge cases: 🕵️‍♂️ Straight, 🕵️‍♂️ Bottleneck, 🕵️‍♂️ and, Tapered.

Almost all pistol cartridges are straight, whereas almost all rifle cartridges are bottle-necked. The bottle-neck design permits more powder to be packed in a shorter, fatter cartridge than would be possible in a straight cartridge, where the lumen is approximately the diameter of the bullet. Cartridges with tapered cases are virtually obsolete.

Crime Scene Search Methods

The Crime Scene is search for the physical evidences (visible or invisible). There are various types of search methods employed by the investigating officers and the forensic scientists at the scene of crime. The searching methods mainly depends on:

👉 Type of Crime (Rape, murder, burglary, theft, etc.)

👉 Nature of Crime (Homicide, suicide, or accident)

👉 Size of the crime scene (macroscopic or microscopic)

👉 Location of the crime scene (indoor, outdoor, combination of indoor or outdoor, or any remote area like underwater, desert, etc.)

👉 Complexity of the crime scene

According to the type of crime scene, the investigator has to decide the appropriate method immediately, without delay, so as to collect the evidences in the intact form as soon as possible. Following are the basic search methods, commonly use at the crime scene:

1. Zonal Method

2. Strip Method

3. Line Search

4. Grid Method

5. Spiral Method (Outward Spiral & Inward Spiral)

6. Wheel Search Method