#forensicexamination

Question- What is Crime Scene Sketch?

Answer- A crime scene sketch is a permanent record of the size and distance relationship of the crime scene and the physical evidence within it. The sketch serves to clarify the special information present within the photo-graphs and video documentation, because the other methods do not allow the viewer to easily gauge distances and dimensions. A sketch is the most simplistic manner in which to present crime scene layout and measurements. Photographer /camera positions may be noted within a sketch also.

Question- Why is a sketch important to crime scene documentation?

Answer- ■ It accurately portrays the physical facts.

■ It relates to the sequence of events at the scene.

■ It establishes the precise location and relationship of objects and evidence at the scene.

■ It helps to create a mental picture of the scene for those not present.

■ It is a permanent record of the scene.

■ It usually is admissible in court.

■ It assists in interviewing and interrogating.

■ It assists in preparing the written investigative report.

■ It assists in presenting the case in court. Well-prepared sketches and drawings help judges, juries, witnesses, and others to visualize the crime scene.

Question-When should sketches be made?

Answer- Sketch all serious crimes and accident scenes after photographs have been taken and before anything is moved.

Sketch the entire scene, the objects, and the evidence.

Question- How many types of sketches are made of crime scene?

Question- What are the 3 types of photographs that need to be taken at a crime scene?

Answer- all crime scene photography consists of three basic types of photographs: 1.) Overall Photography 2.) Mid-range photography 3.) and, Close-up Photography.

📷 Long Range/Overall Photography: It Provides an overview of the scene establishing the location of the crime, to include addresses, street signs, business names, landmarks, outside and surrounding areas. Indoors, this includes photographs of a room from all four corners to show the layout of the room and furnishings. 📸 Mid-Range Photography: It Provides a view of spatial relationships of items and evidence within the scene.

📷 Close-up Photography: It Provides detailed photographs of individual items of evidence. If possible, should be taken at a 90 degree angle to the subject.

📐Scaled/Comparison Photography: Close-up photographs that include a ruler provide scaled, detailed documentation of individual items of evidence. They are necessary in order to produce an accurate one-to-one photographic reproduction to use for examinations or comparisons. 📏 The scale may be marked with the photographer’s initials and employee number, the LIMS number or offense number, and the date in a way that does not interfere with the markings on the scale.

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Fracture: A fracture is a break in a bone. Fractures can range from a hairline crack in the bone to the bone being broken into two or more pieces that no longer line up correctly. A fracture may occur at the same time as other injuries, such as sprains, strains, or dislocations. Recovery time for a fracture can vary from weeks to months depending on a person’s age and health; the type, location and severity of the fracture.

Types of Fractures; Fractures have a variety of names. Below is a listing of the common types that may occur:

Greenstick - Incomplete fracture. The broken bone is not completely separated.

Transverse - The break is in a straight line across the bone.

Spiral - The break spirals around the bone; common in a twisting injury.

Oblique - Diagonal break across the bone.

Compression - The bone is crushed, causing the broken bone to be wider or flatter in appearance.

Comminuted - The break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site.

Segmental - The same bone is fractured in two places, so there is a “floating” segment of bone.

What Causes a Fracture? Fractures occur when there is more force applied to the bone than the bone can absorb. Bones are weakest when they are twisted. Breaks in bones can occur from falls, trauma, or as a result of a direct blow or kick to the body

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Trace Evidence

Trace evidence often refers to minute samples of a substance such as hair, fibers, glass, paint chips and fragments. Crime scenes commonly contain trace evidence, often caused by the perpetrator unknowingly coming into contact with surfaces and leaving behind or picking up particulates. Careful collection of evidences from crime scene can give lots of information about where a sample came from and how it helps to tell the story. Scientists examine the physical, optical and chemical properties of trace evidence and use a variety of tools to find and compare samples, and look for the sources or each item. Most test methods require magnification and chemical analysis.

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