#forensicfield

Physical evidence may be defined as any material that can be used to link a suspect, a weapon, or a scene to a crime. Physical evidence falls into two main categories: biological and nonbiological.

A. Biological evidence most commonly encountered by the medical examiner is:

1. Blood

2. Semen

3. Hair

4. Tissue

5. Fingernails

6. Bite marks

7. Saliva

B. Nonbiological evidence is more varied and can be virtually any item. The most common forms that will be encountered by the medical examiner are:

1. Clothing

2. Bullets/shotgun pellets, wadding

3. Fibers

4. Paint

5. Glass

6. Soil

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We are going to Upload a series of Videos according to syllabus of NTA NET/JRF.

These Multiple Choice Questions will help in preparation of examination.

These videos will be prepared in following manner:

Syllabus has been divided into 10 Units and every unit has Pointed topics.

For example Unit - I consists

▪️Forensic Science,

▪️Physical Evidence,

▪️Crime Scene,

▪️Criminal Investigation,

▪️Courts,

▪️Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of center and state, ▪️Fundamental rights,

▪️Criminal Profiling,

▪️Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions.

So we will called it as a Topic 1, Topic 2 and so on.

In this Video we have covered Topic 1

Forensic Science: Definition, History & Development, Scope & Ethics in Forensic Science.

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Textile Fibers is the basic and principle raw materials to produce various types of textile finished products. A fiber that can be spun into yarn or processed into textile such as a woven fabric, knit fabric, lace, felt, non-woven etc by means of an appropriate interlacing method is called as Textile Fibers.

Generally Textile Fibers can be classified into main two types:

👉 Natural fiber And,

👉 Synthetic fiber/Manmade fiber/Artificial fiber.

Textile Fibers can also be classified in the following ways:

✍ Classification of textile fibers based on sources

✍ Classification of textile fibres based on polymer

Textile Fibers and Forensic Science

Textile fibers are a key form of trace evidence, and the ability to reliably associate or discriminate them is crucial for forensic scientists. While microscopic and instrumental analysis can be used to determine the composition of the fiber.

Additional specificity is gained by examining fiber color.

I again want to share This video with those who want to ask if this field is good for them or not.

My team is getting approx 100 queries related to this only (We try to satisfy everyone with our answers but we heartly apologise if we couldn't).

I want to say that no field is good or bad, the choice, interest and time make it work.

Don't go for higher job opportunities, see if you can grab the only available job with your potential.

Is that field or subject suits your personality?

At This time when everyone is struggling with job crisis then no field is going to provide you one without dedication and knowledge and as you know forensic do not seek for knowledge only it also seek for reasoning, logic, sharpness.

So know yourself first so no one can reject you.

Don't forget to like and comment your opinion on this.. We want to make sure that everyone understand the good and bad..

Watch This video to know more...

https://youtu.be/8x-q9gi9k3E

Footprint Analysis:-

Evaluation of two-dimensional footprint impressions for comparison purposes are carried out in the field of forensic identification by one or more of the following methods; overlay, Robbins, Gunn, Rossi and the Optical Centre Method.

Three methods for barefoot examination are commonly employed–

A.) Gunn Method: One such method devised by Gunn involves taking multiple linear measurements of the footprints that are being compared. Gunn's basic method involves drawing six lines, five of which come from the rear foot and extend to the apex of each digit. A sixth line is then drawn across the ball of the foot at the widest area.

B.) Optical Centre Method: A distinct point on the foot is identified and concentric circles are drawn in its most suitable location. This point is then isolated and then connected to other recognized regions of the footprint by means of lines.

In crime scene investigations, a single strand of hair can make a huge difference in the Investigation. If a fallen strand of hair with root cells attached is found, a DNA test can reveal the identity of a criminal; unfortunately, this seldom happens. Even though other types of DNA analysis can be conducted using the "mitochondrial DNA" embedded in the hair shaft itself, such tests are not sufficient to reliably identify a person and usually call for additional evidence.

In a recent study published in Analytical Sciences, scientists at the Tokyo University of Science, Japan, developed a strategy for identifying criminals from a single strand of hair, state the fact that hair dyes are very much common now a days. Their approach involves finding out if two individual strands of hair belong to the same person based on the composition of hair dye products found on them. To do this, they employed two well-known analytical methods: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.

Do you know about these techniques?

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The 12 characteristics of handwriting

1. LINE QUALITY

Do the lines flow or are they shaky and irregular? This can indicate the speed of the writing.

2. WORD AND LETTER SPACING

Are the letters and words equally spaced out, or are they bunched together? Or, is there seemingly no pattern to the spacing?

3. SIZE CONSISTENCY

Is the ratio of height to width consistent in each letter?

4. PEN LIFTS

Does the writer lift the pen from the paper or is the writing continuous? Excessive pen lifts can hint at simulation — someone deliberately altering their natural handwriting or copying that of another.

5. CONNECTING STROKES

Are uppercase and lowercase letters connected and continuous?

6. LETTERS COMPLETE

Are the letters fully formed, or are parts missing?

7. CURSIVE AND PRINTED LETTERS

Are the letters cursive, printed, or a combination of both?

8. PEN PRESSURE

Is the pen pressure equal for upward and downward strokes? When is the pressure applied?

9. SLANT

Do the letters slant to the left or the right, or does this vary?

10. BASELINE HABITS

Is the writing on the baseline of the paper, above the line, or below the line?

11. FLOURISHES AND EMBELLISHMENTS

Are there any fancy curls, loops or anything else unusual in the writing?

12. DIACRITIC PLACEMENT

Where are the crosses on t’s and dots on i’s? Are the t’s crossed? Is the cross on the t at the top, middle or bottom of the letter? Are the I’s dotted? If so, are they dotted to the left, the centre, or the right of the I?

Other things to be considered are spelling, phrasing and grammar. While investigating and comparing each of the above categories, the analysers also need to consider the following: Factors that can result in changes to a person’s handwriting:

Age

Mood

How much time they have to write

The writing instrument used

Drink and drugs

Illness

Trying to write differently