Episode 1: Sophie Henry ❤️

-Lorinn

Conus medullaris, Cauda equina, Conus cauda and Epiconus syndrome For discussion of these images, follow ‘Clinical neurology with KD’ podcast episode six in Apple podcast, Spotify or Google podcast. Full notes are available on the neurologyteachingclub.com website. Conus medullaris Conus medullaris is the lower end of the spinal cord. Lesion there causes damage to S3, S4, S5 segments of the spinal cord. Clinical features include weakness of pelvic floor muscles and early bladder involvement. There will be loss of voluntary initiation of micturition and bladder sensation with increased residual urine. The patient will have constipation with impaired erection and ejaculation. The anal and bulbocavernosus reflexes are absent. They will have symmetric saddle anaesthesia. Radicular pain is absent in pure conus syndrome. Perineal pain can occur late in the course of the disease. Cauda equina The spinal cord ends at L1 vertebral level. The involvement of roots in the spinal canal below the L1 vertebra is called cauda equina. So, it is not a spinal cord syndrome in the real sense. Any roots from L2 to S5 may be involved often in an asymmetric pattern. It produces an asymmetrical motor sensory pure lower motor neuron syndrome. The knee and ankle jerk are variably affected. Asymmetric early radicular pain is characteristic of cauda equina syndrome. Bowel and bladder involvement is rare and usually late. It can occur in extensive lesions. Sometimes lesions can involve both conus and cauda equina, and we will get a combination of clinical findings. Epiconus syndrome The spinal cord segments from L4-S2 is also called the epiconus. The lesion involving these segments is called the epiconus syndrome. #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologyteachingclub#neurologypodcast #NTC #firstpodcast #neurology #neurosciences #neuro #clinicalneurology #medicine #clinicalmedicine #kdpodcast #mbbs #medicos #doctors #neuroanatomy #medicinecase #casepresentation #medicineresidents #residency #neuroimages #finalmbbs #mcq #neetpg #neetneurology #caudaequina #spinalcord #conus #epiconus #conuscauda https://www.instagram.com/p/CYlpQogP9Yx/?utm_medium=tumblr

New episode of podcast released. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-spinal-cord-anatomy-and-clinical-syndromes/id1587263975?i=1000543529207 #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologyteachingclub#neurologypodcast #NTC #firstpodcast #neurology #neurosciences #neuro #clinicalneurology #medicine #clinicalmedicine #kdpodcast #mbbs #medicos #doctors #neuroanatomy #casediscussion #medicinecase #casepresentation #medicineresidents #residency #neuroimages #neurophysiology #NEET #finalmbbs #housesurgeon #approachtohemiplegiapodcast #mcq #neetpg #spinalcord https://www.instagram.com/p/CW6PqcOhwCQ/?utm_medium=tumblr

Schematic diagram showing the Upper Motor Neuron. For discussion of this image follow ‘Clinical neurology with KD’ podcast episode one -Approach to weakness, in Apple podcast, Spotify or Google podcast. Full notes are available on the neurologyteachingclub.com website. The corticospinal tracts are excitatory and mostly use glutamate as the neurotransmitter. It starts in the motor cortex and ascents in corona radiata to reach the anterior 2/3 of the posterior limb of the internal capsule. In the internal capsule, the fibres to the upper extremity are arranged more anteriorly. They lie close to the corticobulbar fibres, which travel in the genu of the internal capsule. The corticospinal fibres then ascend down in the middle 3/5 of the cerebral peduncle in the midbrain, basis pontis and the medullary pyramids. At the lower end of the medulla, 75%-90% of fibres cross over to the opposite side to form the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord. The fibres then ascend down through the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spine to reach the corresponding spinal segment it innervates and synapses with alpha motor neurons at that level. A lesion anywhere in this pathway from the motor cortex through corona radiata, internal capsule, midbrain, pons, and medulla and then crossing to the opposite side in lateral corticospinal tract in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine can produce weakness with UMN features like spasticity, hyperreflexia and upgoing plantar. #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologyteachingclub#neurologypodcast #NTC #firstpodcast #neurology #neurosciences #neuro #clinicalneurology #medicine #clinicalmedicine #kdpodcast #mbbs #medicos #doctors #neuroanatomy #casediscussion #medicinecase #casepresentation #medicineresidents #residency #neuroimages #neurophysiology #NEET #mcq #neetpg #uppermotorneuron #corticospinaltract #pyramidaltract https://www.instagram.com/p/CWPTyUYvuNn/?utm_medium=tumblr

Schematic diagram showing the components of Lower motor neuron. For discussion of this image follow ‘Clinical neurology with KD’ podcast episode four -Approach to lower motor neuron disorder in Apple podcast, Spotify or Google podcast. Components of the lower motor neuron include Alpha motor neurons in anterior horn cells Root Plexus Peripheral nerve Neuromuscular junction and Muscle NMJ and muscle per se do not form part of the Lower motor neuron but they can be considered as part of the Lower motor neuron syndrome as the clinical features are the same. Lesions at any of these levels will be associated with clinical features of LMN disorder including Wasting Hypotonia Weakness in a nerve, plexus or root pattern depending on the site of lesion Decreased or absent reflex Flexor plantar reflex Involuntary movements like fasciculations may be present #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologyteachingclub#neurologypodcast #NTC #firstpodcast #neurology#neurosciences #neuro #clinicalneurology #medicine #clinicalmedicine #kdpodcast #mbbs #medicos #doctors #neuroanatomy#casediscussion #medicinecase #casepresentation #medicineresidents #residency #neuroimages #neurophysiology #NEET #finalmbbs #housesurgeon #approachtolmndisorderspodcast #mcq https://www.instagram.com/p/CWGWwgLvVdI/?utm_medium=tumblr

Neurology teaching club case presentation on 7Nov2021. We will revise the approach to LMN disorders discussed in 4th episode of ‘Clinical neurology with KD’ podcast available in Apple podcast, Spotify and Google podcast. #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologyteachingclub #neurologypodcast #NTC #firstpodcast #neurology #neurosciences #neuro #clinicalneurology #buzzsprout #applepodcast #medicine #clinicalmedicine #googlepodcast #spotify #kdpodcast #mbbs #medicos #doctors #neuroanatomy #casediscussion #medicinecase #casepresentation #medicineresidents #residency #neuroimages . https://www.instagram.com/p/CV93CcoA1MX/?utm_medium=tumblr

Trailer of Clinical neurology with KD https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/clinical-neurology-with-kd/id1587263975. #Neurologyteachingclub #clinicalneurologywithkd #neurologypodcast #firstpodcast https://www.instagram.com/p/CUQR-OGDQhN/?utm_medium=tumblr