I think itโs telling that, when the NCR soldiers slaughtered civilians during the Bitter Springs massacre, they responded by:
1. Rewarding Captain Dhatri with a promotion for calling the ceasefire when his commanding officer wouldnโt. (Which he points out was too little, too late; the call for open fire never should have been made in the first place.)
2. Immediately deploying medics to treat wounded Khans, including Khan combatants.
3. Making a promise not to interfere with the Khansโ new settlement in Red Rock Canyon.
4. Turning Bitter Springs into a refugee camp and memorial.
I think the Bitter Springs Massacre is an outstanding example of the dangers that militaries pose to innocents, AND the kind of accountability you will only (though not always) see in an organized, non-totalitarian government with rule of law and an explicit duty to its constituents.
By contrast, we never see any accountability from the Great Khans (an authoritarian tribe with one sole leader) regarding their ongoing, very purposeful targeting of NCR civilians, whose settlements and caravans they routinely raid and slaughter. (Not to mention the violent raids they routinely carried out against Mojave residents and caravans, long before the NCR showed up. Before House united the Three Tribes, the Khans would wipe out tribe after tribe. Houseโs unification of the Tribes empowered them to push the Khans out until they eventually settled in Bitter Springs and focused their raids on smaller settlements instead of larger tribes and Vegas itself.) This is due in large part to the psychology and inherent bigotry of tribalism โ a travesty is only a travesty when it happens against your people, not the โOther.โ
The Bitter Springs Massacre was a military retaliation to these raids gone wrong. (EDIT: Itโs also worth nothing that the NCR didnโt retaliate until it was specifically 4 of their soldiers who were killedโฆ which tells another story.) The NCR was careless and impulsive by apparently assuming that Bitter Springs was a base of operations instead of a settlement. In our world, we often (though not always) see militaries justify these sorts of attacks by claiming the enemy was โhiding behind civilians,โ and the NCR didnโt even do that. They did, of course, try to salvage their reputation by not releasing details to the Press, so this isnโt to say there is total transparency. But this also backfired because thereโs no hiding a massacre, so many soldiers in First Recon are spat on as murderers by people living in the Mojave, including other NCR citizens.
What documentation or memorials exist for the people wiped out by the Great Khans? There are only stories told by survivors and those who have lived in fear of them outside of the limited and very conditional protection of House and, later, the NCR. And then there are stories told by individual members of the Khans themselves, some with remorse or shame; others with pride and glory; and still others with bitter resentment towards their own people (like Bitter-Root).
Bitter Springs is a well-done representation of both the aftermath of tragedy and what it looks like with a few degrees of accountability; of the difference between the chaos of tribalism and the rule of law.