#efficacy

Limited substantiations are available supporting the pharmacological properties of herbal plants utilized in ethno-veterinary medication which remained sustainable in local communities in spite of advancements in animal health today. This study evaluated through in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic assays the folkloric use of Chrysophyllum cainito and Psidium guajava, which are among the selection of documented florae in the Philippines being used in ethno-veterinary medicine. In vitro anthelmintic evaluation showed time-dependent and concentration-dependent efficacies. The ovicidal action of Chrysophyllum cainito bark ethanolic extract at 60mg/ml has recorded 94.65% inhibition capacity, whereas Psidium guajava bark ethanolic extract generated 92.64% and 96.28% efficacies at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, respectively. The wormicidal activity of the former elicited 88.88% at 60mg/kg, while the latter yielded 88.88% and 94.44% mortalities to worms at 30mg/ml and 60mg/ml dilutions, correspondingly. Probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC50) against eggs and worms was logged at different magnitudes for both plants. In vivo assessment by means of fecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate has signified biologically, that the tested plants undoubtedly possess anthelmintic property.

The different biorational pesticides were evaluated against R. solanacearum (Smith) both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the in vitro assay using spread plate method, fermented vegetables applied at the rate of 1ml/L of water showed a high degree of efficacy against the bacterial pathogen at one, two, and three days after incubation (DAI) with average inhibitory zones of 2.15 mm, 1.74 mm, and 1.44 mm, respectively. Under in vivo conditions, the inoculated tobacco plants manifested symptoms typical of bacterial wilt due to R. solanacearum (Smith). However, a comparable percent wilt incidence was noted on plants applied with fermented vegetables and other biorational pesticides. Moreover, the growth parameters of tobacco such as plant height, leaf length, fresh leaf weight, and the total number of harvested leaves per plant were not affected by the application of biorational pesticides. The results indicate that fermented vegetables are effective against R. solanacearum (Smith) under in vitro conditions, but did not show significant difference with the other treatments under in vivo conditions.