#conditional tense

Just trying to remember a couple of conjugations that sound close together that I sometimes mix up.

One is the future form of gwneud:

Gwneud - to make/do//auxiliary verb

Gwna(f) i - I will (do/make) Gwnei di - you will [sing., informal] Gwnaiff e/hi/etc. - He/she/it/etc. will Gwnawn ni - we will Gwnewch chi - you will [pl./sing formal] Gwnân nhw - they will

In a pattern repeated across a few other forms, the negative and interrogative forms have a soft mutation on the first letter g, dropping it.

So ‘Will you...?’ becomes ‘Wnei di...?’, and ‘No, I won't...’ becomes ‘Na wnaf, wna i ddim...’

(The f at the end of wna is optional, there are a number of patterns where it may stay or be dropped entirely. Adre(f) -> home, bydda(f) -> I will (plain old future of 'bod').)

Wnei di'r gwely? Will you make the bed? Wna i ddim y darlun. I will not make the painting. Na wnân, wnân nhw ddim byd heddiw. No, they will not do anything today. Gwna i bopeth yn iawn. I will make everything okay.

Another is the conjugation of cael asking for permission

Cael - to get, obtain, be allowed to do/have something. (It's a versatile verb).

In the present tense, in non-literary Welsh, you would just use the auxiliary 'bod' as per usual, ‘dwi'n cael’, ‘rwyt ti'n cael’, etc. In using its future and conditional tenses, it amounts specifically to the connotation of asking and receiving permission. May I go? Can he stay? Will we be allowed to bring our own water bottles? Could I have one?

Future

Ca(f) i - I will/can get/have/am allowed/ Cei di - You ... [singular, informal] Ceith (N)/Caiff (S) e/hi/ac ati - He/she/it/etc. ... [3rd person sing.] Cawn ni - We ... Cewch chi - You [formal/plural] Cân nhw - They ...

*N/S are northern and south Walian dialect variants, but don't take anything as too set in stone. I'm not the authority on it, anyway.

Conditional

Cawn i - I could ... Caet ti - You [sing, informal] could Câi fe/hi/rhywun - [3rd person] could Caen ni - We could Caech chi - You [plural/formal] could Caen nhw - They could

The 'c' softens to 'g' when used in the interrogative, but the negative gets an aspirate mutation: 'c' -> 'ch'

1. Futur simple

The action takes place in the future. There may or may not be temporal limits to the action. Multiple actions can be simultaneous or successive, depending on the context.

Il arrivera demain. – He will arrive tomorrow.

Jacques ne sera pas au bureau pour une longueur indéterminée. – Jacques won’t be at the office for an indeterminate amount of time.

Élaine chantera et dansera pendant son spectacle. – Élaine will sing and dance during her show.

Nous visiterons le Louvre et ensuite nous irons à la tour Eiffel. – We will visit the Louvre and then we will go to the Eiffel tower.

The statement expresses a probability. The verb most commonly used is être.

Les fractions seront sûrement à l’examen. – Fractions will surely be in the test.

Olivier sera probablement le premier à arriver. – Olivier will probably be the first to arrive.

The statement is an order or a request.

Vous m’enverrez vos disponibilités avant lundi. – You will send me your availabilities before Monday.

Tu lui en parleras. – You will speak to him about it.

A past action is made to seem like it will be happening in the future (future historique).

Samuel de Champlain fondera Québec en 1608. – Samuel de Champlain will establish Quebec in 1608.

NOTE: While both the présent and future simple can be used to express the near future, they have different connotations. Using the present implies that the action was planned, while the use of the future simple implies that it was not.

Je prends le prochain autobus pour m’y rendre. – Je prendrai le prochain autobus pour m’y rendre.

2. Futur antérieur

The action will be completed in the future.

J’aurai rempli le formulaire demain. – I will have completed the form tomorrow.

Tu auras lu tous tes livres à la fin de l’été. – You will have read all your books by the end of the summer.

The action takes place before an action presented in the future simple.

Dès que Julien sera arrivé, nous commencerons le projet. – As soon as Julian will have arrived, we will start the project.

The statement expresses a probability.

Vivianne est encore en retard; elle se sera sans doute endormie. – Vivianne is late again; she will surely have fallen asleep.

3. Conditionnel présent

The action is hypothetical. It is accompanied by the imparfait. The action can take place in the present or future.

Si tu avais 18 ans, tu pourrais aller au bar. – If you were 18 years old, you could go to the bar.

Si l’équipe gagnait le tournoi, leur entraîneur leur achèterait des crèmes glacées. – If the team won the tournament, their coach would buy them ice cream.

A request or advice is being presented, typically in a roundabout way.

Je voudrais savoir si vous aviez reçu mon courriel. – I would like to know if you recieved my email.

Il faudrait tout traduire. – We would have to translate everything.

The statement presents an opinion emitted by someone else. The use of the conditionnel présent expresses reserve on the validity of the information.

La chanson serait très populaire au Japon. – The song would [appear to] be very popular in Japan.

La nouvelle loi aurait un effet positif dans la communauté. – The new law would [appear to] have a positive effect in the community.

The action takes place in the future when perceived from the past.

Charles se demandait s’il aurait une bonne note. – Charles wondered if he would get a good grade.

Anne pensait qu’elle ne se marierait jamais. – Anne thought she would never get married.

4. Conditionnel passé

The action is hypothetical. It is accompanied by the passé antérieur.

Si tu étais venue, nous nous serions amusés plus. – If you had come, we would have had more fun.

NOTE: The conditionnel passé has the same functions as the conditionnel présent but confers the idea of hypothetical completion to the action or statement in the question.

Les chercheurs auraient trouvé un remède à cette maladie. – The researchers would [seem to] have found a cure for this disease.

Robert avait cru qu’il n’aurait jamais reçu une réponse de cette compagnie. – Robert had believed he would never have received an answer from that company.

1. ¿Estás de acuerdo con lo que dice el meme?

2. ¿Conoces a más gente falsa o auténtica?

Say it. "Could of". Now think about it. Does that really make sense to you? REALLY? Use it in a sentence: "I could of gone to the park". 

No.

It DOES NOT make sense.

"Could have". Now, isn't that better? In a sentence: "I could have gone to the park". Oh look, grammar!