Thinking about how Nefer-Tina had an entire episode dedicated to her patron goddess makes me wonder what the others might be...
There are actually a plethora of serpentine deities in the Egyptian pantheon, but I believe Rath’s patron goddess is probably Wadjet. It would make sense, since she was a goddess primarily concerned with protecting the Pharoh and the royal line. She was closely associated with the sun god Ra, and her "wedjet's eye" (aka eye of Horus) features prominently on Presley's protection amulet, which he was given by Rath. She was also depicted in the uraeus (cobra in the Pharaoh's crown) and was a symbol of royalty and power. This works given Rath being a scholar tends to act the most ‘aristocratic’ of the mummies. Incidentally, her name also means "Green one".
Ja-Kal's patron god would seem straightforward. His is likely Horus. He (Horus) is the son of Osiris, and grandson of the primordial creator god Atum. As one might expect, Horus was depicted as a man with a falcon's head. He was also associated with the heavens, and known for outwitting his foes. As the Pharaoh was said to be "the living Horus" on Earth, it would make sense he would also grant mystical armor to one of his guardians. The rivalry between Ja-Kal and his brother Arakh would also appear to be a nod to the myth of Horus’ father Osiris vs his own brother Set.
But, if we want to dig a little deeper and maybe read too much into small details, his armor could also be an ibis, which would tie him to the god Thoth. Thoth was another bird deity, god of wisdom, and attributed with the creation of hieroglyphs and writing instruments. In Sleep Walk Like an Egyptian Ja-Kal's wife Tia mentioned their son Padjet was ‘helping’ with the ink-making. The toddler’s hand print on a scrap of cloth is all Ja-Kal has left to remember his family. It's a bit of a stretch, but it could be a reference to Thoth!
Armon’s patron deity might be Khnum, an ancient ram-headed god. Khnum was associated with the Nile river, and he was thought to craft the forms of children from the clay of the riverbed, which is why he was represented with a potter’s wheel. He was also seen as a guardian of children. Beyond the physical similarities, there isn’t a lot to go on for why Khnum would be Armon’s patron deity. However, like Nefer-Tina, Armon was more able and willing than the other mummies to adapt to a modern lifestyle. It’s another stretch, but his malleability to ‘shape’ himself to the situation could be a reference to Khnum's association with clay. It’s also an excellent skill to have as a warrior, particularly if you are protecting children.