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This post is a continuation of my Notes on Narrative Charms post, where I broke down some of the common parts of traditional narrative charms (particularly in European folk magic, which is my own magical background) and the roles they can play in the performance of magic. This post will focus on ideas and suggestions for narrative subjects which can be incorporated into contemporary narrative charms or used to modify existing charms.
The suggestions and associated symbolism here are based on my own background in diasporic European folk magic. I have not included symbols from outside my own folklore and practice, simply because I do not consider myself well-versed enough in other folklore and magical backgrounds to do so. These ideas are intended only as suggestions and should not be taken as a supreme authority. In instances where these suggestions contradict symbols or symbolism from your own established practice or folkloric background, I strongly recommend using your own practiceâs symbols and symbolism over these.
Notes: 1. Although this post is centered on the narrative subject, the same figures and symbols can be used as secondary subjects, or companions to the primary subject in a charm. These can be the narrative subject or any figure they cross paths with or interact with. 2. You will notice that many of the figures addressed here have overlapping symbolism and associations. That is because the narrative charm has strong historical ties to healing and protective magic. I have used my own background where appropriate to expand on some historical associations in order to expand the application of these charms into other magical disciplines. 3. Some of the associations for each figure may appear to be contradictory unto themselves. For example, a figure may be listed as being both associated with nightmares and with protection from nightmares. It is important to understand the lore associated with these figures to understand how the associations come into play.
Traditional, Biblical & Mythic Figures
Note: These figures are classified here as âtraditionalâ because they appear often in pre- and early modern European narrative charms. The suggestions I have listed for possible causes or magics that they may represent in charms, however, have been expanded to include both traditional and more contemporary approaches to these figures. If your goal is to make your own narrative charms (or adapted narrative charms) as traditional as possible, I recommend doing your own research into the more traditional symbolism of these figures within the specific region or era of charm magic that interests you.
The Devil - 1. Folkloric, often depicted as a witch-patron: baneful magic, divination, glamor magic, hidden knowledge, initiation, liminal spaces, magical aid, oaths and pacts (making and breaking), power, protection magic, transitions, witchcraft (general), witch flight, witch sight; 2. Biblical, typically depicted as malevolent: banishing unwanted spirits, clarity, divine protection (from devils, evil and mischief), insight, overcoming obstacles, protection from baneful magic, protection from nightmares, protection from witchcraft, returning unwanted magic to its source, warding, protection from evil; 3. Local, associated with local landscape: communion, pacts and oaths, protection, spirit work, stewardship, land magic; 4. General, lesser folkloric devils and devil-motifs in folklore: baneful magic, glamor, knowledge, manipulation, sorcery, trickery (overcoming or performing).
The Devil's Many Faces: In witchcraft, mention of the Devil can refer to one of several figures, including the Biblical Devil, archetypal folkloric devil-figures, patron spirits and entities associated with specific paths of Traditional Witchcraft, and sundry âlesserâ spirits associated with local land features, crossroads, liminal spaces, hidden knowledge, and magical craft. In the context of a narrative charm, the Devil may appear as either a primary subject (a figure which represents the practitionerâs role in the charmâs magic) or as a secondary subject (a figure which lends aid to the primary subject). How he appears and what his role within the charm may be will differ greatly depending on the practitionerâs personal background, beliefs, and relationship with Devil-related myth and folklore. In traditional folk charms, the Devil appears in similar ways as he might in the folklore that inspires and informs such magic; he is often depicted as being tricked, deceived, or easily out-witted in narrative charms intended to ward off harm and baneful magic. Generally, when the Devil appears in this way, the depiction is either that of the Biblical Devil or of a Devil figure associated with the direct causation of evil (ex: a demon, imp, or malicious trickster). This may be in opposition to how the Devil is viewed by many modern witches, particularly in the case of formal Traditional Witches and folkloric witches. In contrast, when the Devil appears as a secondary subject in a verbal or narrative charm, he is most often depicted in some kind of helping role, providing tools, hidden knowledge or other aid to further the subjectâs cause.
The Maid - absence of harm or evil, blessing, dispelling harm, earnest desire, healing, innocence, love, new beginnings, purity (of heart/mind/body/intention/etc), safety.
The Three Maids / The Three Spinners / The Three Aunts - destiny, direction, divination, fate, guidance, protection against misdirection, protection against misuse, protection from evil persons, protection of fate, spiritual assistance, spiritual guidance, uncovering hidden knowledge, uncovering the truth, wisdom.
The Farmer - agriculture, the everyman, farming, growth, healing of animals, healing of the land, land fertility, land stewardship, layman's magic, livestock, practical concerns, protection of animals, the practitioner, protection of the land.
What is âLaymanâs Magicâ? A large part of the known body of European folk magic is what is known as service magic (Stanmore). This is magic that is given or performed by a professional cunningperson for a fee. Such service magic can be further divided into magic performed by a skilled practitioner and magic that can be performed by an âuninitiatedâ layperson (Johnson). When narrative charms are given to a layperson to perform for themselvesâeither as a spoken charm or as written magicâit is important to remember that the narrative subject should then represent the layperson that is performing the spell, rather than being a symbol of the practitioner who has written the spell. For this, it can be helpful to understand and incorporate representations of âthe everymanâ. The Farmer is just one archetypal example of such symbols. The Farmer may not represent everyone, but he often appears as a symbol of the layman in magical charms. Other such figures may include travelers, housewives, etc. When writing our own charms, the simplest way to incorporate the everyman into laymanâs magic is to describe the person the magic is for. A young woman, an old man, or a weary person is enough as long as the rest of the charm meets your needs for specificity.
The Mother/Father/Parent - child care, children's health, family matters, guidance, home matters, magic done on behalf of a child, nurturing, parenthood, petitions on behalf of a child, protection against disease, protection against evil, protection against nightmares, protection of children, the everyman (parents).
The Child / The Baby - beginnings, blessings, healing, innocence, magic performed on behalf of a child, purity, vulnerability.
Christ - binding of demonic spirits, binding of evil, binding of unwanted spirits, blessing, healing, protection against baneful magic, protection from evil, protection from witchcraft.
The Virgin Mary / The Mother of God - blessing, blessing of children, blessing of women, blindness, blood, care for the dying, care for the sick, eyesight, fertility, gynecological issues, healing, motherhood, nuns, petitions for mothers, pregnancy, protection, protection of children, protection of women, religious stewardship, speech, speech difficulties.
Saint Peter - care for the afflicted, doorways, healing, healing of bones, healing of feet, healing of teeth, luck for fishermen, opportunities, possibilities, protection for sailors, protection for sea travel, removal of obstacles, thresholds, transitions.
Saint Michael - banishing, breaking curses, breaking hexes, defensive magic, protection, protection against baneful magic, protection against demonic influence, protection against evil, protection against unwanted spirits, protection against witchcraft, warding.
Saint Cyprian - aid in magic, aid in sorcery, protection against baneful magic, protection against witchcraft, protection magic, removal of baneful magic, removal of curses.
Saint Expedite - speeding processes along, time sensitive petitions, urgent money magic.
Saint Jude - crisis, desperate causes, hope, hopeless causes, hopelessness, loss, miracles.
Saint Anthony - finding hidden wealth, finding lost items, luck, luck in gambling, luck in games, luck in hunting.
Saint George - banishing, binding, overcoming, protection from evil, protection of cattle, protection of livestock.
Saint Benedict - banishing, banishment of demons, banishment of spirits, exorcism.
Saint Francis - blessing of animals, healing of animals, protection of animals.
Other Saints: Although some Saints appear more often than others in extant historical examples of folk charms, any saint can be called on for aid in contemporary folk magic. Which saint is called on is determined by their traditional patronages as well as the legendary tales associated with them. They can be written into charms which hearken to the legends that the saints appear in or in charms which more closely depict the issue the spell is intended to target.
Othinn - aid in magic, aid in sorcery, aid in spirit work, aid of the dying, ancestor magic, death, divination, ecstatic magic, guidance, healing of horses, healing with herbs, hidden knowledge, protection, protection against witchcraft, protection of horses, removal of obstacles, spirits of the dead, spirit travel, spirit world, transitions, travel, war, wisdom, wortcunning.
Thor - andrological issues, erectile issues, fertility of the body, fertility of the land, land stewardship, protection, protection against elfshot, protection against giants, protection against illness, protection against natural disaster, protection against pain, protection against trolls, protection of cattle, protection of farms, protection of livestock, protection of the body, protection of the bones, protection of the home.
Frigg - blessing for marriages, blessings for children, blessings for looms, blessings for sewing tools, blessings for spinning wheels, communication, destiny, fertility, fibercrafts, foresight, grief, healing for children, healing for mothers, hidden knowledge, motherhood, protection of the home, spinning, troublesome marriages, wisdom.
Freyja - aid in magic, clarity, healing, healing from grief, healing in fatigue, healing in fertility issues, healing in sexual issues, judgment, prophecy, protection, strength, treasure, wealth.
Tyr - blessing of locks and doors, blessing of protective amulets, bravery, bravery in battle, clarity, conflict, fairness in court, justice, protection, protection against corrupt law enforcement, protection against law enforcement, protection for first responders, protection for soldiers, war, warding.
Baldur - blessing, care for the dying, care for the sick, healing, personal wards, protection, strength, vitality.
Frau Holle - blessing, blessing of looms, blessing of spinning wheels, blessings done with the first snow, blessings of flax, cleansing, destiny, empowering evergreen for magical workings, fate, house blessing, house cleansing, protection, protection from winter weather, protection of children, protection of the dead, protection of the hearth, protection of the home, spinning, stewardship of the home, stewardship of the land, warding, weaving.
The White Lady - protection, protection of livestock, protection of the family, protection of the farm, protection of the home.
Veles - aid in magical workings, blessing of fields, blessing of land, blessing of livestock, blessing of wheat, blessing of wildlife, livestock fertility, livestock health, protection against evil, protection for livestock, protection for practitioners, protection from baneful magic, protection from wildlife, protection of crops, protection of farm.
Perun - blessing of iron tools, conflict, healing, magic for rain, magic for the end of drought, protection, protection against baneful magic, protection against disease, protection against evil, protection against fire, protection against gunfire, protection against ill luck, protection against lightning, protection against misfire (guns), protection against spears and blades, protection of iron tools, protection of soldiers, war.
Mokosh - blessing of spinning wheels, blessing of looms, blessing of wells, divination, fate, fertility, fertility of the farm, fertility of the land, gynecological health, land stewardship, protection, protection during childbirth, protection of fate, protection of wells, protection of women, spinning, weaving.
Lada - blessing, blessing of the home, protection, protection from evil, protection from spirits, protection of children, protection of the home, protection of women, spring magic, warding.
Marzanna - banishing cold, banishing disease, banishing winter, death, night terrors, nightmares, warding off disease, warding off famine, winter.
Duality in Folk Charms: In many cases, the disciplines associated with certain figures and their use on folk charms may be entirely counterintuitive to their natures. Marzanna is a good example of this, as she is associated with magic (both narrative and otherwise) to banish winter, illness and nightmares despite being folklorically connected with the causation of such phenomena. In Marzannaâs case, this is because much of this magic is performed using depictions of defeating, overcoming, or even killing her. Understanding the lore and customs that inform these associations is key to understanding how to incorporate these figures into magic.
Personified Disease & Evil
Although diseases and evil are sometimes addressed directly in narrative charms and other folk magic, they also sometimes appear in a personified form, depicted as various spirits and folkloric figures. These figures typically appear as secondary, adversarial subjects, which are depicted as being overcome, outwitted, destroyed or killed. These are just a few examples. In many cases, such forces are personified and addressed simply as âSister Feverâ or âSpirit of Coldâ, which can be a simple, useful way to address any ailment and command it out of the body.
Elves and Elf-shot - sudden pains, shooting pains, burning pains, chronic pain, nerve pain.
Worms - toothache, bone ache.
Unwanted Visitor - fever, chills, general illness.
Spotted Man - traditionally smallpox, but can be expanded generally into rashes, chickenpox, shingles and other ailments with a dermatological expression.
Snake / Devouring Snake - venom, infection, any ailment that spreads through the body via the blood or tissue.
Night Demon / Night Goblin - nightmares, night terrors, sleep paralysis, insomnia.
Trolls - general evil, bad luck, baneful magic.
Animals as Narrative Figures
Dogs - protection, protection against dog attacks, protection against dog bites, protection against rabies, protection of cattle, protection of livestock.
Horses - fertility, protection, protection against glanders, protection of horses, speed, strength, travel.
Cats - aid in magic, aid in spirit travel, protection against evil, protection against ill luck, protection from witchcraft, protection from witches, spirit communication, spirit sight, spirit travel, spirit work, spirits of the dead, underworld.
Toads / Frogs - aid in baneful magic, causation of illness, fertility, grounding, healing, hidden wealth, mastery of horses, protection against illness, protection against plague, protection against poison, protection from baneful magic, transference of illness, transformation.
Rabbits / Hares - aid in witchcraft, cleverness, escape, fertility, outrunning law enforcement, protection from famine, protection from harm, protection from hunger, protection from ill luck, protection from witchcraft, shapeshifting, spirit sight, spirit travel, transformation, underworld, wisdom.
Snakes / Worms - banishing illness, banishing intestinal worms, illness, pestilence, protection against headaches, protection against lice, protection from plague.
Cows - banishing famine (Milk-White Cow), healing, healing from illness (Milk-White Cow), lactation, motherhood, protection against elfshot, protection from hunger.
Pigs - blessing of the crops, divine guidance, fertility of the land, fortune, healing skin ailments, hidden knowledge, luck, protection against starvation, protection from demons, protection from evil, protection from fae, transference of skin ailments.
Chickens - blessing of new homes, fertility, protection from baneful magic, protection from evil spirits, protection from the witch's gaze, protection from witchcraft, protection of livestock, protection of the home, spirit travel.
Ravens - death, divination, guidance, hidden knowledge, protection from death, protection from spirits, underworld, wisdom.
Magpies - aid in witchcraft, communion with the Devil, divination, foresight, protection from evil, protection from ill luck, protection from the Devil, protection from witchcraft.
Owls - divination, hidden knowledge, spirit communication , wisdom.
Doves - blessing, divine guidance, healing, protection.
Works Cited:
Johnson, Thomas K. SvartkonstboĚcker: A Compendium of the Swedish Black Art Book Tradition. Revelore Press, 2019.
Stanmore, Tabitha. Cunning Folk: Life in the Era of Practical Magic. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2024.




















