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And I also think some of this appeal to nostalgia contributes to the very problems people are frustrated by.

The top grossing movies of 2024 had no original stories.

That isn't to say there weren't original stories released. But they are often harder to find. They aren't marketed well. And, sadly, people don't go to the theater to support them. The online discourse spends more time talking about how much better movies used to be and there is no discourse championing said original stories.

When the capitalists that fund movies hear this hyper-nostalgic discourse, the least risky option seems to be "Let's just remake the thing they loved. Let's reboot it. Let's add a sequel."

There are so many beautiful movies and shows being made. But if you watch all of these essays it really seems like everything looks like garbage and artists don't know what they are doing.

And these essayists don't seem to have any practical experience authoring images. They read a book. They listened to a podcast. They heard a famous cinematographer make an offhand remark in an interview... "Man, I really miss deep focus in movies."

Suddenly, shallow depth of field is the enemy and they need to let the people know that deep focus will make movies look better. ALERT ALL OF THE MOVIE NERD INFLUENCERS!

They say that movies all look like iPhone Portrait mode.

I'm sure the ghost of Stanley Kubrick will be pleased to know his famous candlelight scenes in Barry Lyndon look like a gimmick smartphone feature.

This video and others like it say that "deep focus" is never used in modern movies.

To prove their point, once again, they mine their nostalgia and select one of the best movies of all time by one of the greatest directors of all time.

In this case, their past example is North by Northwest by Alfred Fucking Hitchcock.

And their modern counterexample?

A Megan Fox Netflix movie called Subservience.

Here is the rub...

They don't actually know what deep focus is.

They probably googled it and got North by Northwest as a genuine example and thought, "Oh, deep focus is when everything is in focus."

They confused deep depth of field with deep focus.

And while deep focus *requires* a deep depth of field, it is not synonymous with deep depth of field.

When you look at their other examples, their misunderstanding reveals itself.

This is deep depth of field.

This was a technical decision more than an artistic one. They are shooting in midday sun. The sun is extremely bright and so you have to stop down the lens to a small aperture—which causes deep depth of field.

He is assigning an artistic intention to a technical limitation.

Deep focus is a deliberate artistic compositional choice that often has to fight technical limitations to be achieved.

When you are designing a shot for deep focus, it means the shot is reliant on subjects being in focus even if they are far apart. So the director may need the foreground and midground or the foreground and background to be in focus. And if these multiple planes are not in focus, there will be a loss of narrative or artistic information.

It's easier to show you.

Pluribus (a modern show, OMG!) recently had a beautiful deep focus shot.

If they were completely blurred out, it would change the entire composition. Note they are not perfectly sharp. They don't need to be. They are just sharp enough to give weight to both the foreground and midground. In this frame, the buildings in the background could be blurred and it would still be deep focus.

This photo I took of Otis is deep focus.

I'm telling a story with the composition.

Dog wants the ball. You can see his desire for the ball. Nothing else exists in this moment but that ball. He must have the ball.

If Otis was blurred out, it would change the story of the shot.

Now we are focused only on the ball and there is a blurred figure lurking in the distance. The ball is afraid. The ball feels isolated and scared of being chewed and slobbered on.

It's not that deep focus is better. Or that shallow focus is worse. Both techniques give artists the ability to tell different stories.

This is deep depth of field.

This shot could work with a shallow depth of field. There would be no narrative information lost if I had blurred the background.

It might not work as well aesthetically, but you aren't losing important storytelling information.

The two best examples of cinematic deep focus are Citizen Kane and Kurosawa films.

If you watch this scene with the speech, the composition is created so you can see him giving his speech and you can also clock all of the expressions of the people behind him.

Seeing their reactions is important narrative information that would be lost if they were blurred by shallow DOF.

He does this throughout the movie.

Another sign of deep focus is the effort involved to get everything in decent focus. Creating the blocking is more complicated. You have to spend time to make sure everything lines up correctly. You may have to build out sets to a high degree of detail to accommodate the shot. If the environment is dark, it's difficult to close down the aperture enough to get foreground and background elements in focus. So you may need creative lighting design to make sure everyone is exposed properly.

You have to specifically design the shot and work with the camera and lighting folks to pull it off.

If the shot still works if you were to blur the background, it isn't deep focus. Here is another example they showed.

This gives you a great sense of the environment. It is well composed. But it's bright and sunny. Closing down the aperture is not only trivial, it is necessary to get a proper exposure. And if the sky were blurred out, I don't think it would change the storytelling of the composition.

In this scene from a Kurosawa film, deep focus is vital.

The foreground subject is restrained and struggling. The midground subjects are guarding him. And there is a dark figure far in the background approaching.

Deliberate deep depth of field helps build an aesthetic and sense of environment.

Deep focus helps tell a story.

But is shallow depth of field the villain?

In this example from the video, you can see out the window. They were probably using bright lights and it was just easier to use a small aperture.

Does seeing a dumpster out of the window help this scene aesthetically or narratively?

If this is an emotional moment, it might actually be better to blur the background and draw more focus to his expressions. Some may get distracted and think, "Is that a dumpster next to his head?" The performance becomes less immersive and that could hurt the narrative intent.

Now the frame is less busy and distracting. You are drawn to his expression.

Shallow depth of field is an important tool in cinema. It creates subject separation, removes distractions, and draws focus to emotional moments.

Yes, it is sometimes used for efficient filmmaking. It is more expensive to build a detailed set or go to a fancy location. You don't have to do all of the planning required for deep focus shots. Just blur the background and move on to the next scene.

But that is not artistic incompetence. That is an artistic limitation created by a system that prioritizes efficiency.

I'd love to see more deep focus in modern movies. I'd love to see less bland lighting design. I'd love to see more practical effects. And I love how much we can learn from the past.

But this toxic nostalgia is keeping us stuck in a world of reboots. Ignoring the beautiful movies made in the present perpetuates the very problems these essays fear. And blaming artists instead of systems is hurting the people who can craft the better visuals we desire.

CG artists are the best example. When the discourse says that CGI sucks, they are not valued. They are overworked and underpaid. They are denied a proper union. Good CG visuals are dependent on having the time and resources to craft them.

When we appeal to nostalgia and say "practical effects are better than CGI," the studios add a few more practical effects and hide any evidence of the 3000 CGI shots also in the film. They hide all the blue screens in the BTS shots by making them gray.

You can express a desire for more practical effects without pitting them against CGI.

And you can express your disappointment in CG visuals by saying, "I wish the artists were given more time to do their best work."

Systems are limiting artists. And I think the best way to change those systems is to elevate original modern content that prioritizes skilled crafting of storytelling and aesthetics.

I think these essays spend too much time on what they don't like and not enough time celebrating what they do like. They do surface level research that leads to fundamental misunderstandings of the filmmaking process.

It's just... pretentious CinemaSins.

If you want to watch some quality video essays on filmmaking, I highly recommend Patrick Willems. He has actually crafted films. He has practical experience authoring visuals. He does extensive research and I think his criticisms of modern filmmaking are much more robust and practical. He is great at showing appreciation for the history of cinema while still showing love for well crafted modern movies.