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MAY 04 / 23

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You know the question is more “what don’t they mean”.

In Chile ya po is pretty much just like “yup” or “sure”. It shows up a lot after a bunch of different sentences. People just kind of put it on.

Oh man. wea in Chile is like “thing” or “dude”.

It comes from weón/weona which is slightly vulgar in its origin since it probably comes from huevón but weón/weona is just how you commonly call people “dude” or “girl/chick”

But it can have the meaning of “idiot” or “dumbass”, like es un aweonao means “he’s an idiot” and people also use andar con la wea like “to not be feeling well” or “to not feel quite right”

ALL BEGINNER SHOULD KNOW 

⚠️I got this list from the "koreantopik" website. Not only that but each thing listed there, they have a lesson on it. Visit this website to find and have access to all those lessons😉

If you were on a mission to learn "all" of the beginner grammar in Korean I think this would help you A LOT. For my advice, I'd say break it down into sizeable chunks & take your time to learn each one thoroughly that way you don't have to re-visit it later.

FULL LIST:

1. Expressing Korean Alphabets, Numbers, Dates and Times in Korean

1.1 Korean Alphabet: How to Read, Write, and Pronounce

1.2 Numbers in Korean = Sino-Korean and Native-Korean

1.3 Dates and Times in Korean = reading Year/Month/Date/Day & Hour/Minute

2. Expressing Tenses and Negation in Korean

2.1 Present Tense in Korean = A/V/N-(스)ㅂ니다 or A/V-아/어요.

2.2 Past and Past Perfect Tense in Korean = A/V-았/었어요 and A/V-았/었었어요.

2.3 Future and Progressive Tense in Korean = V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 and V-고 있다

2.4 Negative Expressions in Korean = (1) 아니다, 없다, 모르다; (2) V-지 않다, 안 V; (3) 못 V, V-지 못하다

3. How to Use Particles in Korean

3.1 N-은/는 vs 이/가 = 'topic marker' vs 'subject marker' in Korean

3.2 을/를 and N의 = 'object particle' and 'possessive particle' in Korean

3.3 N와/과, N (이)랑, N하고 = 'and' ~ listing particle in Korean

3.4 N에, N에서 time & place particles in Korean = at/on (time), in/on/at/to (place)

3.5 N에서 N까지, N부터 N까지, N에게/한테(서) grammar = from…to, from..until, to/from N

3.6 N도, N만, N밖에 particles = also/too, only/just, only/nothing but

3.7 N(으)로, N쯤 particles = to/by/using, about/around

3.8 N(이)나, N처럼/ N같이 particles = or/no less than, like/same

3.9 N보다, N마다 particles in Korean = more...than/-er...than, every/all

4. Expressing Listing and Contrast in Korean 

4.1 V-고, V-거나, V-지만 grammar = ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘but’ in English

4.2 A-ㄴ/은데, N-인데, V-는데 grammar = (1) 'but', (2) 'so/and' in English

5. Expressing Time Events in Korean 

5.1 N 전에/후에, V기 전에, V(으)ㄴ 후에 grammar = before/ago, after/later

5.2 A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…

5.3 V-(으)면서 grammar = while/during…~actions occurs simultaneously

5.4 V-고 나서 grammar = and then, after doing ~express sequential events

5.5 V-자마자 grammar = as soon as, right after ~something occurs right after the end of an action or event

5.6 V-(으)ㄴ 지 grammar = how long has been 'since' I did something

5.7 N 때, A/V-(으)ㄹ 때 grammar = when, during ~express the time when an action occurs or its duration

5.8 N 중, V-는 중 grammar = in the middle of N/V, currently doing

5.9 N 동안, V-는 동안 grammar = during /for N, while V-ing

6. Expressing Ability in Korean

6.1 V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 grammar = can/ can't do V ~express possibility to do/ not do something

6.2 V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 grammar = know how to/ don’t know how to V

7. Expressing Demands, Permission, and Prohibition in Korean

7.1 V-(으)세요 grammar = (1) honorific ending ~show respect, (2) making requests politely

7.2 V-지 마세요 grammar = please don’t V~ requesting someone not to do something politely

7.3 V-아/어야 하다 grammar = must, have to ~express necessity to do something

7.4 V-아/어도 되다 grammar = may, can I...? ~ask permission or approval for a behavior

7.5 V-(으)면 안 되다 grammar = may not, not allowed ~express prohibition or limitation of an action

7.6 A/V-지 않아도 되다 (안 A/V-아/어도 되다) grammar = don’t have to ~express the unnecessary of a behavior

8. Expressing Hopes in Korean

8.1 V-고 싶다 = want to, prefer to ~express one's wish or hope

8.2 A/N/V-(으)면 좋겠다 grammar = hope, wish ~express desire, wish, or hope that has not been realized

9. Expressing Reasons and Causes in Korean

9.1 A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…

9.2 A/V-(으)니까 grammar = (1) because/ since, (2) when/ do sth to discover

9.3 N/A/V-기 때문에 grammar = because (of), since ~Express a reason or cause of a situation

10. Expressing Requests and Assisting in Korean

10.1 V-아/어 주다 and V-아/어 주세요 grammar = assist / please do ~assisting someone or making a request to someone

10.2 V-아/어 줄게요, V-아/어 줄까요? grammar = Shall I, Let me, I will ~attempt to help someone

11. Expressing Experiences in Korean

11.1 V-아/어 보다 grammar = try, have tried ~ tell or ask someone to try or experience something

11.2 V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다, V-아/어 본 적이 있다 grammar = have done, have tried ~express the past experience

12. Expressing Suggestions and Asking Opinions in Korean

12.1 V-(으)ㄹ까요? grammar = (1) shall we, why don’t we…? (2) shall I, should I…?

12.2 V-ㅂ/읍시다 grammar = let’s, shall we ~suggest someone doing something together

12.3 V-(으)시겠어요? grammar = would you like, why not...? ~politely suggesting or asking for preference

12.4 V-(으)ㄹ래요 grammar = (1) do you want to, how about? (2) be going to, will

13. Expressing Plans and Intentions  in Korean

13.1 A/V-겠어요 grammar = (1) will, plan to; (2) looks, sounds

13.2 V-(으)ㄹ게요 grammar = (I) will ~express intention or promise to do something

13.3 V-(으)ㄹ래요 grammar = (1) do you want to, how about? (2) be going to, will

14. Expressing Purpose and Intention in Korean

14.1 V-(으)러 가다/오다 grammar = go/come (to somewhere) to do something

14.2 V-(으)려고 하다 grammar = plan to, intend to ~express intention or plan that has yet to be done

14.3 V-(으)려고 grammar = in order to, so that ~express intention or purpose to do something

14.4 N을/를 위해서, V-기 위해서 grammar = for (the sake of), (in order) to

14.5 V-기로 하다 grammar = decide to, promise to ~make a promise with oneself or someone

15. Expressing Suppositions and Conditions in Korean

15.1 A/V-(으)면 grammar = if, when ~express a supposition or a condition about a fact ...

15.2 V-(으)려면 grammar = if you want/ intend to…then you should…

15.3 N/A/V-아/어도 grammar = even if, regardless of ~a situation occurs regardless of the previous action

16. Expressing Conjecture (or Guess) in Korean

16.1 A/V-겠어요 grammar = (1) will, plan to; (2) looks, sounds

16.2 A/V-(으)ㄹ까요? grammar = (3) do you think, I wonder if ~express a supposition of an action or state

16.3 A/V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 grammar = (2) I think ~express a supposition based on a direct basis

16.4 A-(으)ㄴ 것 같다, V-는 것 같다 grammar = look like, seem, I think ~express a supposition based on subjective reasons

17. Expressing Suffix Changes in Parts of Speech 

17.1 A/V-은/는/을 N grammar = N that A/V ~noun modifier

17.2 V-기 grammar = V-ing in English ~turn a verb or a phrase into nouns

17.3 A-게 grammar = '...-ly' or 'in a ... manner' ~turn an adjective into an adverb

17.4 A-아/어하다 grammar =~turn an adjective into a verb

18. Expressing State-of-Being in Korean

18.1 V-고 있다 (2) grammar = ~be wearing/taking off ~state of wearing/taking off something

18.2 V-아/어 있다 grammar = 'V-ed/-ing' ~express the continuing state of a completed action

18.3 A-아/어지다 = to get/become ~express a change over time

18.4 V-게 되다 grammar = became, came to, been decided ~express a change from one state to another

19. Confirming Information in Korean

19.1 -ㄴ/은/는지 + V grammar = V + who/what/where/how/when +clause

19.2 V-는 데 걸리다/들다 grammar = take/ cost (time, money) to do something

19.3 A/V-지요? grammar = isn't / don't /..., right? ~to confirm information

20. Expressing Discovery, Surprise, and so on

20.1 -는군요, -는구나, and -군 grammar = I see that, I didn't realize that ~express surprise

20.2 N(이)네요, A/V-네요 grammar = really, certainly, wow ~ express surprise or agree with someone

20.3 A-(으)ㄴ가요? V-나요? grammar = are/do you...?, Is it...?

20.4 A-(으)ㄴ데요, V-는데요 grammar = (1) well, (2) why/what, (3) wow, (4) set background information

21. Expressing Quotations in Korean

21.1 Direct quotations in Korean 라고 했다, 하고 했다 = said/asked/written

21.2 Indirect quotation in Korean 다고 하다 = said ~citing of what someone said

21.3 Indirect quotation in Korean 냐고 하다 = asked ~citing of what someone asked

21.4 Indirect quotation in Korean 자도 하다 = suggested ~citing of what someone suggested

21.5 Indirect quotation in Korean 라고 하다 = told ~citing of what someone requested

21.6 Indirect Quotations in Korean 대요, 래요, 재요, 냬요 = said, asked, told (casual form)

22. Irregular Conjugations and Common Connective Adverbs in Korean

22.1 Korean ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ-irregular verbs and adjectives (Part 1)

22.2 Korean ㅎ, ㅡ, ㄹ, 르-irregular verbs and adjectives (Part 2)

1. N에 대해(서) - about N

2. N(으)로 인해(서) - as a result of N

3. N에도 불구하고 - in spite of N

4. N에 비해(서) - compared to N

5. N에 비하면 - compared to N

6. N에 반해(서) - in contrast with N

7/9. N에 따라(서)(의해서)- in accordance with N

8. N에 따르면(의하면) - according to N

“ Hi! Do you think you can post some book genres in Korean? For example, how would you say to a friend that you’re reading a book that contains science fiction or a dramatic book?”

Best-seller 베스트셀러 Series 시리즈 (EX: “Goosebump 시리즈”) Art Book 화보집/미술서 Autobiography 자서전 Biography 전기 Comic Book 만화책 Cook Book 요리책/조리서 Coloring Book  칠하기 그림책 Detective (Mystery) 추리 소설 Educational Book  교과서 Historical Book 역사(서) Fantasy 환상 Fiction 소설 Horror 공포 소설 Language Study Book 어학 교재 Memorandum (“Memo”) Book 비망록 Auxiliary Book 보조부 Mystery 미스테리 책 Nonfiction 논픽션, 실화 Poetry Book 시집 Poetry  시 Science fiction - 공상 과학 - but you can also just say SF like you do in English Self-Help Book 자습서, 자립 안내서.

= per, each.

예문

한 사람당 종이 한 장이에요. It's one paper per person.

방값은 1인당 1박에 50유로다. The room is 50 euros per room, per night.

— expression that can be translated as: “But that doesn’t mean A/V”

Example:

1. 시험을 잘 못 봤어요. 그렇다고 공부를 안 한 것은 아니에요. I failed the exam. But that doesn’t mean I didn’t study.

2. 한국에서 오래 살았습니다. 그렇다고 매운 한국 음식을 잘 먹는 것은 아닙니다. I lived in Korea for a long time. But that doesn’t mean I can eat spicy Korean food.

3. 시장에 옷을 샀어요. 그렇다고 가격이 싼 건 아니에요. I brought clothes in the market. But that doesn’t mean it is cheep.

4. 그 점은 인정해요. 그렇다고 내 주장이 틀렸다는 건 아니에요. I concede your point, but that doesn't disprove my argument.

1. 마음이 따뜻하다 to be warm-hearted

2. 마음이 바르다 to have an upright heart

3. 마음이 좁다 to be narrow-minded

4. 마음이 넓다 to be big-hearted

5. 마음이 약하다 to be soft-hearted

6. 마음이 무겁다 to have a heavy mind

7. 마음에 걸리다 to trouble one's mind

8. 마음을 터놓다 to open oneself up (to)

9. 마음을 열다 to open one's mind

10. 마음이 통하다 to be on the same page

11. 마음이 맞다 to be of one mind

12. 마음을 졸이다 to be nervous

13. 마음이 놓이다 to feel easy (about)

14. 마음을 안정시키다 to calm oneself

15. 마음이 울적하다 to be gloomy

16. 마음이 굴뚝 같다 to want very much

17. 마음의 짐을 덜다 to take a load off one's mind

18. 마음을 상하게 하다 to hurt one's feelings

19. 마음이 들뜨다 to feel excited

20. 마음이 풀리다 to thaw (toward a person)

21. 마음을 풀다 to get rid of anger

22. 마음을 정하다 to make up one's mind

23. 마음을 돌리다 to change one’s thoughts

24. 마음을 먹다 to put one’s heart into

25. 마음을 붙이다 to attach one's mind

26. 마음을 사다 to draw someone's attention

27. 마음에 두다 to put something in one's mind

28. 마음에 있다 to be in one's mind

29. 마음에 차다 to be satisfied

30. 마음 같아서는 if it's like my mind

31. 마음의 준비 preparation in one’s mind

— 나는 마음에 두고 있는 사람이 있다 - I have someone in mind.

— 그는 마음이 약해서 부탁을 거절하지 못한다 - He's got a soft heart and can't say no when people ask him to do something.

— 마음이 편해야 몸도 편하다 - A sound mind makes a healthy body.

— 선생님의 말씀이 정말 마음에 와 닿았다 - The teacher's talk really touched my heart.

— 그 문제가 자꾸만 마음에 걸린다 - I keep thinking about the problem.

— 시험에 떨어질까 봐 마음을 졸였다 - I was anxious about whether or not I failed the exam.

— 네 마음을 상하게 하려고 한 것은 아니다 - I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.

— 마음 편히 가지세요 - Try to relax.

— 이제 마음이 한결 가볍다 - I'm so relieved now.

— 마음만 먹으면 못 할 것이 없다 - If I put my heart into it, there's nothing I can't do.

가슴 heart, chest

못을 박다 to hammer in a nail

— 연락했는데 응답이 없을 때.

연락 -> 전화/문자 call/message

Hi there! It’s more grammar than it is colloquial, however, it’s used pretty casually! The ending -(이)라니 is attached to nouns that the speaker focuses on in the specific sentence. From my understanding, you use -(이)라니 when you’re:

surprised

angry

disappointed

embarrassed

worry

-이라니 - attached to consonants-라니 - attached to vowels

Some Examples:

[Worry]

유림: 큰일났어 - I’m in big trouble희주: 무슨일이야? 큰일이라니?? - what’s going on? what’s the problem??

[Dissapointment]

희주: 여행선물을 기대했는데 고작 사온게 열쇠고리 하나라니… - I was excited to get a souvenir, but all I got was a keychain…

[Surprise]

희주: 뭐야? 이게 식물이라니! - what? this is a plant!

For verbs and adjectives, you use “-다니”:

맛있다니… - It’s delicious…

도서관이 왜 시끄럽다니? - why is the library noisy?

I hope I conveyed the proper emotion through my examples! If you still need help, don’t hesitate to shoot me a message so I can clear up the confusion! Happy Learning :)