Could you do a lesson on ๊ฒ ์ง and ์๋๊ฒ ์ง when used as a question and as a statement?
There are a lot of grammar points in here, so I'll give you an index:
-๊ฒ ๋ค; intention, will / observation, supposition
-์ง(์)/์ฃ ?; right?, isn't it?
N(์ด/๊ฐ) + ์๋๋ค + ์ง์
์๋๋ค + ๊ฒ ๋ค + ์ง์
I sincerely apologize for the length of this post! There's a lot to unpack in just those two phrases, so I hope this helps.
1. -๊ฒ ๋ค; intention, will (1) / observation, supposition (2)
Phrases youโll hear/know using -๊ฒ ๋ค:
(1) ์ ๋จน๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค โ Iโll eat well (aka: I intend to eat well)
(1) ๋ญ ๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น? โ What will you eat? (๋์๋ง)
(1) ์ ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค โ Iโll do my best!
(2) ๋ง์๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค! โ I suppose it is delicious
(2) ํผ๊ณคํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค โ I suppose you're tired
(2) ๋ด์ผ ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค! - I suppose it's going to rain tomorrow
Use it for yourself when you want to express first-person intent or will
If you do this, then remember that itโs more common and natural to use -๊ฒ ๋ค with formal grammatical patterns (thatโs why you see -(์ค)ใ
๋๋ค in all the examples)
This pattern also puts more emphasis on the intention than the simpler (์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ์ด๋ค future tense; if you use the -๊ฒ ๋ค pattern, you mean it, essentially.
Use it when you want to make an observation towards someone or something else
Use it when inquiring about another personโs intent or will
All that said, you can use -(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒ์ด๋ค to express a future action in a less formal situation.
๋ญ ๋จน์ ๊ฑฐ์ผ? (with friends) vs. ๋ญ ๋์๊ฒ ์ต๋๊น? (as the server)
Note: you can use this pattern in lower formality situations (as an example, ํ๋ค๊ฒ ์ด; it seems difficult), it's completely okay! It's just more common to use -๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค when talking about the intended future in a formal situation.
2. -์ง(์)/์ฃ ; right(?), isn't it?
This is used to ask for confirmation from the speaker about an observation! For us Canadians, this is the "eh?" we love so dearly. You can use this as a statement, to agree with the speaker. The difference between ์ง์ and ์ฃ is just pronunciation; they're the exact same thing. Examples:
์ถฅ์ฃ ? - it's cold, isn't it? (Canadian translation: it's cold, eh?)
์ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋ค์ ํ๊ตญ์์ ์ผํ๊ธฐ ํ๋ค์ง์? - it's hard for foreigners to work in Korea, right?
์๊ณ ์์ฃ ? - you know that, right?
๋น๊ทผ์ด์ง - right, of course! (informal)
This is pretty self-explanatory. It's the opposite of ์ด๋ค! When using this verb, make sure you use ์ด/๊ฐ particles! Here are some examples:
๊ทธ ๋จ์๋ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ฐ ์๋์์ - he's not an actor
ํ์์ด ์๋
์! - I'm not a student
๋ถ์๊ฐ ์๋์์? - you're not rich?
4. N(์ด/๊ฐ) + ์๋๋ค + ์ง์
If we combine ์๋๋ค and ์ง์ we can get sentences that express a negative statement to be confirmed. It's best to illustrate this with examples:
๋๋ด์ด ์๋์ฃ ? - you're not joking, right?
๋ถ์๊ฐ ์๋์ง์? - you're not rich, are you?
ํ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์๋์ฃ ? - you're not Korean, right?
Note: when answering these questions, you have to answer the Korean way; we have to think of if we agree or disagree with the statement. Look hereย for examples.
5. ์๋๋ค + ๊ฒ ๋ค + ์ง์
Final grammar point! This is also pretty self-explanatory. As we know, -๊ฒ ๋ค is used to express an observation or supposition. When we attach -์ง์, we are expressing that we need the listener to agree with our future observation. Examples:
์ฝ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? - I suppose it's gonna be easy, right?
๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ํ๊ตญ์ด ์ํ์ ์ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ฃ ? - The Korean test next week will be hard, right?
When adding ์๋๋ค to ๊ฒ ์ง(์)/์ฃ , we are expressing a statement that we (the speaker) believe is a true observation.
์ฝ๋ก๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๊ฒ ์ฃ ? - you aren't going to Korea because of CoVid, right?
๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ต์ ์ค๋ ๊ฒ ์๋์๊ฒ ์ง์? - you didn't come to school because you caught a cold, right?
If you disagree with these statements, you are more than welcome to say so. The question/statement is just an observation that the speaker believes to be true. For example, you could say:
A: ์ฝ๋ก๋ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
B: ์๋์, ๋์ด ์์ด์ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋ชป ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ - No (I disagree that it's because of CoVid), I can't go because I don't have money.
~(์ผ)๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ๋ค; I hope ~
You can use this when you want to express the hopefulness of something. The literal translation is "it would be good if~". Here are some examples:
ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์ - I hope to go to Korea
์๋์ผ๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์ - I hope it goes well
์์ ํ๋ฉด ์ข๊ฒ ์ด์ - I hope I win a prize/award
Ooof!! Finally at the end! Hope this answered your question! As always, if there's anything that you still don't understand, you're more than welcome to send me a pm and we can sort it out together!